The Effects of Implant Orientation, Canal Fill, and Implant Fit on Femoral Strain Patterns and Implant Stability During Catastrophic Testing of a Canine Cementless Femoral Prosthesis

Cementless femoral stems were placed into 12 normal greyhound femora. The implanted femora were divided into three groups by stem orientation and implant size and loaded in axial compression at a rate of 25 newtons (N) per second until failure. Rosette strain gauges were used to measure femoral principal strains at 500 N, 1,000 N, 1,500 N, and at maximum load. During maximum load, varus orientation of the femoral stem had significantly higher tensile hoop strains in the proximomedial cortex, whereas neutral orientation had higher tensile hoop strains along the cranial cortex. Femoral fractures occurred in these areas of peak tensile strain. There was no difference in maximum load between groups, therefore varus orientation did not predispose to fracture. Maximizing canal fill and implant fit increased implant stability.     

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD): a pharmacokinetic-based information resource

The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a pilot project funded through the USDA Extension Service. It represents a major effort to compile into a single source large amounts of information on veterinary pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and physiochemical properties of drugs and other chemicals used in livestock production. FARAD is a computer-based system consisting of five data and numerous command files that access the data files to facilitate rapid input and retrieval of the desired information. The data files include proprietary information on all pharmaceutical products approved for use in food animals in the United States; physicochemical information on more than 100 chemicals contained in the databank; regulatory information pertaining to tolerance and action levels of chemical residues in animal products and allowable concentrations of drugs in feed; pharmacokinetic rate and volume constants pertinent to residue depletion modeling in a variety of species; bibliographic citations to which all of the information contained in the databank is referenced. All of the information in FARAD is currently available through three regional access centers in the United States, and direct computer access to the data may become available in the future.     

Caudal Approach to the Shoulder Joint in the Dog

A caudal approach to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head was performed in seven dogs. By 14 days after surgery, three of the seven dogs were walking normally. At 6 weeks after surgery, all dogs were considered sound. Visualization was adequate for curettage of the osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Access to the medial joint compartment also was afforded.     

Successful surgical removal of an epileptogenic focus in a dog

A case of localized secondary fungal meningo-encephalitis with seizures is presented. The clinical features and the surgical treatment of the case are described. Pre-surgical and post-surgical electroencephalograms and cessation of clinical signs revealed the successful removal of the epileptogenic focus. Some of the diagnostic features of chronic pyelonephritis, as they affect this case, are reported.
Résumé. On décrit un cas de méningo-encéphalite fungoïde, secondaire et localisée, accompagnée d'attaques brusques. On passe en revue les traits cliniques et le traitement chirurgical du cas. Les électro-encéphalograrnmes avant et après l'opération et l'arrêt des signes cliniques ont révélé que le foyer épileptogène a pu être éloigné avec succès. On rapporte certains des éléments diagnostiques de la pyélo-néphrite chronique qui intéressent ce cas.
Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von lokalisierter sekundärer fungaler Meningoencephalitis mit Anfallen wird beschrieben. Die klinischen Merkmale und die chirurgische Behandlung des Falles werden besprochen. Elektroencephalogramme vor und nach der chirurgische Behandlung. Und das Verschwinden der klinischen Merkmale zeigten die erfolgreiche Entfernung des epileptogenen Focus. Einige der diagnostischen Merkmale chronischer Pyelonephritis, welche von Bedeutung für diesen Fall waren, werden angegeben.     

Chemical control of marsh ragwort (Senecio aquaticus Huds.) in established grassland

Infestations of marsh ragwort, Senecio aquaticus Huds., in established ley grassland were sprayed at the rosette stage in April or May with MCPA, 2,4-D, asulam or a 2,4-D asulam mixture. All treatments gave better control in the year after spraying than in the year of spraying. The most effective herbicide was 2,4-D ester at 1–68 or 1–12 kg/ha with or without the incorporation of asulam at 1–12 kg/ha. MCPA at 1–68 kg/ha was less effective, especially in the year of spraying and asulam alone at 1-12 kg/ha gave consistently the poorest control of all treatments. Spraying in May gave better control in the year of spraying than April application, but in the year after spraying date of application made no difference to the degree of control. S. aquaticus at the various sites differed in general susceptibility to herbicides in the year of spraying, but in the year after spraying these differences disappeared.     

Square Pegs and Round Holes: Can the Economic Paradigm be Used to Value the Wilderness?

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether economic valuation methods are capable of meaningfully measuring the value of the wilderness in monetary terms. Although non-monetary valuation methods are often important in policy making arenas, this paper focuses on monetary methods. Three questions are examined to determine if these economic valuation methods can contribute to the development of wilderness policy. First, are the valuation methods which have been developed by economists capable of expressing in dollar terms the value of all the services which the wilderness supplies? Second, if these valuation methods are not capable of eliciting all the relevant values, are they still useful for public policy purposes? Third, can the valuation methods be modified or can new methods be developed which can measure some of the values which have not been captured by the previously employed methods? The paper reviews existing valuation methods according to these criteria and finds that the ability to value the wilderness is limited by the shortcomings of currently employed techniques. Refinements to existing methods and potential new methods are suggested to further the valuation process.