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31.
Yoshimura T Kuribara H Kodama T Yamata S Futo S Watanabe S Aoki N Iizuka T Akiyama H Maitani T Naito S Hino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2060-2069
Seven types of processed foods, namely, cornstarch, cornmeal, corn puffs, corn chips, tofu, soy milk, and boiled beans, were trial produced from 1 and 5% (w/w) genetically modified (GM) mixed raw materials. In this report, insect resistant maize (MON810) and herbicide tolerant soy (Roundup Ready soy, 40-3-2) were used as representatives of GM maize and soy, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the raw materials and the trial-produced processed food using two types of methods, i.e., the silica membrane method and the anion exchange method. The GM% values of these samples were quantified, and the significant differences between the raw materials and the trial-produced processed foods were statistically confirmed. There were some significant differences in the comparisons of all processed foods. However, our quantitative methods could be applied as a screening assay to tofu and soy milk because the differences in GM% between the trial-produced processed foods and their raw materials were lower than 13 and 23%, respectively. In addition, when quantitating with two primer pairs (SSIIb 3, 114 bp; SSIIb 4, 83 bp for maize and Le1n02, 118 bp; Le1n03, 89 bp for soy), which were targeted within the same taxon specific DNA sequence with different amplicon sizes, the ratios of the copy numbers of the two primer pairs (SSIIb 3/4 and Le1n02/03) decreased with time in a heat-treated processing model using an autoclave. In this report, we suggest that the degradation level of DNA in processed foods could be estimated from these ratios, and the probability of GM quantification could be experimentally predicted from the results of the trial producing. 相似文献
32.
Mano J Yanaka Y Ikezu Y Onishi M Futo S Minegishi Y Ninomiya K Yotsuyanagi Y Spiegelhalter F Akiyama H Teshima R Hino A Naito S Koiwa T Takabatake R Furui S Kitta K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):6856-6863
Because of the increasing use of maize hybrids with genetically modified (GM) stacked events, the established and commonly used bulk sample methods for PCR quantification of GM maize in non-GM maize are prone to overestimate the GM organism (GMO) content, compared to the actual weight/weight percentage of GM maize in the grain sample. As an alternative method, we designed and assessed a group testing strategy in which the GMO content is statistically evaluated based on qualitative analyses of multiple small pools, consisting of 20 maize kernels each. This approach enables the GMO content evaluation on a weight/weight basis, irrespective of the presence of stacked-event kernels. To enhance the method's user-friendliness in routine application, we devised an easy-to-use PCR-based qualitative analytical method comprising a sample preparation step in which 20 maize kernels are ground in a lysis buffer and a subsequent PCR assay in which the lysate is directly used as a DNA template. This method was validated in a multilaboratory collaborative trial. 相似文献
33.
34.
Ken Orihashi Yosuke Yasui Yasuo Kojima Minoru Terazawa Shigehiro Kamoda Hisatomi Kasahara Yasuo Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(1):35-40
Damage caused by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) is a serious problem in commercial and environmental (non-harvested) forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Cafeteria tests
in forests may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of chemical deterrents against bark stripping by deer. To develop a method
for forest cafeteria tests in the continuous snow cover period, two experiments were carried out. In the experiments, logs
were produced from tree trunks, and used as carriers of chemical deterrents. Carriers were installed in forests and fed to
deer. The first experiment was to find suitable sites and installation methods for carriers. Criteria for the local suitability
and the installation methods were as follows: a) Sites where deer are active should be selected; b) Carriers should be installed
along actively used deer trails; c) Installation sites of carriers should be changed in response to deer movement; d) Carriers
should be produced from tree species that deer naturally prefer; and e) Each carrier should be partially buried in the snow.
The second experiment evaluated the feasibility of a cafeteria test method based on the results of the first experiment. The
method was used for 13 sets of the cafeteria test, in which the deterrent effectiveness of 5 chemicals (wood tar, rosin, wood
vinegar, and 2 pyroligneous liquors) was examined. We obtained results from all the sets. The chemicals tested did not deter
bark stripping by deer. Nevertheless, the method used in the present study was practical for the cafeteria tests. 相似文献
35.
Hee-Jin Kim Mutsumi Iwabuchi Yoshitaka Sakakura Atsushi Hagiwara 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(1):65-72
The low temperature adaptation ability of five selected strains of the Brachionus plicatilis species complex, i.e., three native strains [ Japanese (NH1L), Australian, German] and two hybrid strains [♀NH1L and ♂Australian (N × A) and ♀NH1L and ♂German (N × G),was investigated in terms of life history traits, reproductive characteristics, and mobility under different thermal conditions (12 and 25 °C). The life history traits of these five strains included a longer lifespan, reproduction period and generation times at 12 °C than at 25 °C, combined with reduced lifetime egg and offspring production. At 12 °C, the intrinsic rate of natural increase was higher in NH1L and N × A strains. Reproductive characteristics determined at 12 °C by batch culture showed active population growth for NH1L and N × G strains, while no resting egg production was observed in all of the strains tested. The ratio of swimming rotifers at 12 °C was monitored every hour for 6 h (short term) and every day for 10 days (long term). In the short-term study there was a 81% ratio of swimming rotifers of the NH1L strain, while other strains exhibited low swimming ratios (<60%). In the long-term study NH1L and two hybrid strains showed a >75% swimming ratio from the initial day of the study. These results suggest that outcrossing of rotifer strains is useful to obtain live food resources for the larviculture of cold water fish. 相似文献
36.
Taiki Mori Seiichi Ohta Shigehiro Ishizuka Ryota Konda Agus Wicaksono Joko Heriyanto Arisman Hardjono 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(1):13-21
An incubation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of phosphorus (P) addition with and without ammonium, nitrate, or glucose on N2O and NO emissions from soil taken under Acacia mangium plantation and incubated at 100 % water-filled pore space (WFPS). Additions of NO 3 ? stimulated the N2O and NO emissions while NH 4 + did not, showing that denitrification was the main process of N2O and NO production in the study condition. When NO 3 ? was added with P significantly (P?<?0.05) increased N2O emissions regardless of the ratio of the added nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that P addition stimulated denitrification activity. The activation of denitrification by P addition is possibly attributed to two mechanisms: (1) the added-P stimulated denitrification by relieving P shortage for denitrifying bacteria and (2) the added-P stimulated activity of heterotrophic soil microflora with increased O2 consumption promoting the development of anaerobic conditions with stimulation of denitrification. 相似文献
37.
Genetically modified rapeseed oil containing cis-9,trans-11,cis-13-octadecatrienoic acid affects body fat mass and lipid metabolism in mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koba K Imamura J Akashoshi A Kohno-Murase J Nishizono S Iwabuchi M Tanaka K Sugano M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3741-3748
Punicic acid, one of the conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) isomers, exerts a body-fat reducing effect. Although punicic acid is found in pomegranate and Tricosanthes kirilowii seeds, the amount of this fatty acid is very low in nature. The goal of this study was to produce a transgenic oil containing punicic acid. A cDNA encoding conjugase that converts linoleic acid to punicic acid was isolated from T. kirilowii, and the plant expression vector, pKN-TkFac, was generated. The pKN-TkFac was introduced into Brassica napus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As a result, a genetically modified rapeseed oil (GMRO) containing punicic acid was obtained, although its proportion to the total fatty acids was very low (approximately 2.5%). The effects of feeding GMRO in ICR CD-1 male mice were then examined. Wild-type rapeseed (B. napus) oil (RSO) containing no CLN was used as a control oil. For reference oils, RSO-based blended oils were prepared by mixing with different levels of pomegranate oil (PO), either 2.5% (RSO + PO) or 5.0% (RSO + 2PO) punicic acid. Mice were fed purified diets containing 10% of either RSO, RSO + PO, RSO + 2PO, or GMRO for 4 weeks, and dietary PO dose-dependently reduced perirenal adipose tissue weight with a significant difference between the RSO group and the RSO + 2PO group. GMRO, as compared to RSO, lowered the adipose tissue weight to the levels observed with RSO + 2PO. The liver triglyceride level of the RSO + 2PO and GMRO groups but not that of the RSO + PO group was lower than that of the RSO group. The RSO + 2PO and GMRO groups, but not the RSO + PO group, had increased carnitine-palmitoyltransferase activity in the liver and brown adipose tissue. These results showed that dietary GMRO, even at a dietary punicic acid level as low as 0.25 wt % of diet, reduced body fat mass and altered liver lipid metabolism in mice and was more effective than an equal amount of punicic acid from PO. 相似文献
38.
Carbon stock in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan's forest sector and its comparison with carbon stock in agricultural soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
39.
Kato M Imayoshi Y Iwabuchi H Shimomura K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11034-11039
Nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana), of the family Brassicaceae, is a traditional vegetable in Japan. Three isothiocyanates and five cyanides in the leaves of nakajimana were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their kinetic changes using heat-treatment (temperature and time) were investigated. In addition, myrosinase activity of extracts prepared from fresh nakajimana leaf was determined. In crushed heat-treated leaves of nakajimana (70 °C for 30 s), formation of isothiocyanates and myrosinase activity increased, whereas formation of 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane and 1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane decreased. Heat-treatment can significantly alter the content of potentially beneficial compounds in nakajimana, and ingestion of suitable isothiocyanates for human health may be better facilitated by mild boiling. 相似文献
40.
Ido N Kudo T Sasaki K Motokawa M Iwabuchi K Matsudate H Seimiya YM Akiba M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):241-244
A total of 15 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- obtained from diseased cows and patients in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, were characterized to clarify the genetic basis of this serovar. S. Typhimurium- specific IS200 was detected from all the isolates. A 94-kb plasmid and the spvB gene were detected from all but one of the 15 isolates. The results of PCR mapping of the fljAB operon and its flanking regions indicate that there are deletions or mutations in this chromosomal region. These data suggest that the 15 isolates are monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium. Epidemiological relationships between the isolates obtained from cattle and humans were not suspected based on the comparison of data employing plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 相似文献