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81.
82.
Tamara Martin‐Gimnez Antonio M. Cruz Agustín Barragn Estefanía Montero Pedro G. Sanchez Guillermo Caballero Ignacio Corradini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2780-2785
Occipital condylar fractures (OCFs) causing delayed onset lower cranial nerve paralysis (LCNPs) are rare. We present a 7‐year‐old Friesian horse with delayed onset dysphagia caused by vagus nerve (CNX) paralysis and suspicion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) paralysis developed several days after a minor head injury. Endoscopic examination revealed right laryngeal hemiplegia and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. An area of submucosal hemorrhage and bulging was appreciated over the dorsal aspect of the medial compartment of the right guttural pouch. Radiological examination of the proximal cervical region showed rotation of the atlas and the presence of a large bone fragment dorsal to the guttural pouches. Occipital condyle fracture with delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed. Delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis causing dysphagia might be a distinguishable sign of OCF in horses. Delayed onset dysphagia after head injury should prompt equine clinicians to evaluate the condition of the atlanto‐occipital articulation and skull base. 相似文献
83.
Dominique Robert Jun Shoji Pascal Sirois Akinori Takasuka Ignacio A. Catalán Arild Folkvord Stuart A. Ludsin Myron A. Peck Su Sponaugle Patricia M. Ayón Richard D. Brodeur Emily Y. Campbell Evan K. D'Alessandro John F. Dower Louis Fortier Alberto G. García Klaus B. Huebert Marc Hufnagl Shin-ichi Ito Mikimasa Joh Francis Juanes Mitsuo Nyuji Yoshioki Oozeki Guido Plaza Motomitsu Takahashi Yosuke Tanaka Naoki Tojo Shingo Watari Naotaka Yasue Pierre Pepin 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(5):863-888
Early life survival is critical to successful replenishment of fish populations, and hypotheses developed under the Growth-Survival Paradigm (GSP) have guided investigations of controlling processes. The GSP postulates that recruitment depends on growth and mortality rates during early life stages, as well as their duration, after which the mortality declines substantially. The GSP predicts a shift in the frequency distribution of growth histories with age towards faster growth rates relative to the initial population because slow-growing individuals are subject to high mortality (via starvation and predation). However, mortality data compiled from 387 cases published in 153 studies (1971–2022) showed that the GSP was only supported in 56% of cases. Selection against slow growth occurred in two-thirds of field studies, leaving a non-negligible fraction of cases showing either an absence of or inverse growth-selective survival, suggesting the growth-survival relationship is more complex than currently considered within the GSP framework. Stochastic simulations allowed us to assess the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the characteristics of surviving larvae and identify knowledge gaps on the drivers of variability in growth-selective survival. We suggest caution when interpreting patterns of growth selection because changes in variance and autocorrelation of individual growth rates among cohorts can invalidate fundamental GSP assumptions. We argue that breakthroughs in recruitment research require a comprehensive, population-specific characterization of the role of predation and intrinsic factors in driving variability in the distribution and autocorrelation of larval growth rates, and of the life stage corresponding to the endpoint of pre-recruited life. 相似文献
84.
The prevalence of Toxocara cati in domestic cats in Mexico City 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Martínez-Barbabosa I Vázquez Tsuji O Cabello RR Cárdenas EM Chasin OA 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,114(1):43-49
The faeces of 520 domestic cats, resident in the 16 municipal authorities of Mexico City, were analysed using the method of centrifuging with zinc sulphate (at 33%). Three hundred and ninety-nine animals lived in houses, 121 in apartments. For the purpose of this study they were divided into seven age groups, of 6 months each. Toxocara cati eggs were found in the faeces of 42.5% of the animals. 20.7% of apartment cats and 49.1% of house cats were infected. This difference in the rate of infection is statistically significant (P<0.002.) for the house cats. T. cati was found in all the age groups although most infection was found in animals less than 1 year old.The fact that infection occurred in the whole age range of the cats and in all the municipal authorities means that the risk of being contaminated with this helminth in Mexico City is high. As a consequence, the possibility of developing illness as a result of becoming a host to larva migrans is also high. 相似文献
85.
Pablo E Otero Natali Verdier Martin R Ceballos Lisa Tarragona Myriam Flores Diego A Portela 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(5):543-547
ObjectiveTo determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit appropriate muscle contraction when the tip of an insulated needle is positioned epidurally or intrathecally at the L5-6 intervertebral space (phase-I) and to determine whether the application of a fixed electrical current during its advancement could indicate needle entry into the intrathecal space (phase-II) in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded study.AnimalsThirteen (phase-I) and seventeen (phase-II) dogs, scheduled for a surgical procedure where L5-6 intrathecal administration was indicated.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, an insulated needle was first inserted into the L5-6 epidural space and secondly into the intrathecal space and the MET necessary to obtain a muscular contraction of the pelvic limb or tail at each site was determined (phase-I). Under similar conditions, in dogs of phase-II an insulated needle was inserted through the L5-6 intervertebral space guided by the use of a fixed electrical current (0.8 mA) until muscular contraction of the pelvic limb or tail was obtained. Intrathecal needle placement was confirmed by either free flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or myelography.ResultsThe current required to elicit a motor response was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) when the tip of the needle was in the intrathecal space (0.48 ± 0.10 mA) than when it was located epidurally (2.56 ± 0.57). The use of a fixed electrical stimulation current of 0.8 mA resulted in correct prediction of intrathecal injection, corroborated by either free flow of CSF (n = 12) or iohexol distribution pattern (n = 5), in 100% of the cases.Conclusion and clinical relevanceNerve stimulation may be employed as a tool to distinguish epidural from intrathecal insulated needle position at the L5-6 intervertebral space in dogs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an electrical stimulation test to confirm intrathecal needle position in dogs. 相似文献
86.
Paula Coutinho Paulo Rema Ana Otero Oscar Pereira & Jaime Fábregas 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(8):793-798
The effect of the replacement of fish protein hidrolizate and vitamin premix by freeze‐dried biomass of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana in the feed for goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae was tested. Larvae (3.4±0.7 mg) were fed with three experimental microparticulated diets that differ from each other in the percentage of replacement of fish protein hidrolizate (25% or 100%) or vitamin premix by I. galbana biomass. The control diet and the diet containing microalgae biomass as a substitute of 25% of fish protein hidrolizate (MP25) presented the highest survival, being almost 100%, with no significant differences between them. Survival in diets in which 100% of fish protein hidrolizate (MP100) or vitamin premix (MV) had been substituted by microalgal biomass was 78% and 66% respectively. Growth, measured as weight, was lower than with the control diet in all treatments in which microalgal biomass was included, with lowest results being obtained with the MP100 diet. Differences between treatments and control were lower when growth was measured as length. The harvesting and processing microalgae biomass is crucial to maintain the nutritive value and could be the cause for the obtained results. 相似文献
87.
Luis Vargas‐Chacoff África Calvo Ignacio Ruiz‐Jarabo Francisco Villarroel José Luis Muñoz Ana Belén Tinoco Salvador Cárdenas Juan Miguel Mancera 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1269-1278
The effects of two different environmental salinities [brackish water (BW), 12‰; sea water (SW), 39‰] and initial stock densities [low (LD), 1.0 g L?1; high (HD), 2.0 g L?1] on growth, osmoregulation, stress and energy metabolism of the fry Pagrus pagrus were investigated over a period of 45 days. Pagrus pagrus (n=80, 5.51 ± 0.25 g mean initial body weight) were randomly divided in eight groups. Growth, weight gain and specific growth rate increased in BW‐acclimated fish compared with SW‐acclimated fish. No differences were observed between the two stock densities tested at either environmental salinity. Plasma osmolality was lowest in BW‐acclimated specimens, but the stock density had no effect on this parameter. Branchial Na+,K+‐ATPase activity was positively correlated with environmental salinity, but unaltered at the renal level. Plasmatic parameters were enhanced by salinity and stocking conditions. At the hepatic level, triglyceride values were enhanced in BW‐acclimated fish maintained at LD. Muscle metabolites (glycogen, glucose and lactate) increased in BW‐ compared with SW‐acclimated fish; stock density had no influence. Our data suggest that changes in metabolic parameters could be correlated with the higher growth rates observed in P. pagrus acclimated to BW, while no significant effects due to the stocking density used were observed. 相似文献
88.
Climate variability and trends in the reproductive habitat of the critically endangered hooded grebe
Julio L. Lancelotti Natalia L. Pessacg Ignacio C. Roesler Miguel A. Pascual 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(3):554-564
- The population of the critically endangered hooded grebe (Podiceps gallardoi) has decreased drastically during recent decades. The effects of climate change on their reproductive area (Southern Patagonia) have been proposed as one of the potential causes of their critical situation. However, there is much uncertainty about climate variability and climate trends at local scales in Patagonia, and their effects on the hooded grebe habitat.
- Variability and trends in temperature, precipitation, and wind from 1960 to 2016 in one of the most important reproductive areas of hooded grebe – the Lake Strobel plateau – were analysed. A Landsat satellite image series (1973–2016) was used to evaluate changes in lake area in the region.
- Generalized linear models were used to analyse the relationship between the variation in lake area and climatic variables, including the Antarctic Oscillation Mode (AAO) index, which is the most important year to year pattern in climate variability at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
- High inter‐annual variability and increasing coefficients of variation in precipitation and wind were found, as well as a significant positive trend in temperature. Total lake area, as well as the area specifically used by hooded grebe to reproduce, decreased significantly over time, with high inter‐annual variability. Variation in lake area was significantly correlated with variation in precipitation, and with the AAO index.
- The loss of reproductive habitat may force the hooded grebe to use sub‐optimal environments, such as lakes with lower food supply, lower macrophyte cover, and less protection from wind – a potential major handicap for this declining species.
- Information on lake variation in response to climatic variability could be used to guide hooded grebe conservation strategies, directing more resources and special efforts to those reproductive lakes that are more resilient to the effects of climate fluctuations.
89.
Francisco Otero‐Ferrer Lucía Molina Juan Socorro Rogelio Herrera Hipólito Fernández‐Palacios María Soledad Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e8-e19
As with many species of seahorses, Hippocampus hippocampus wild populations are being subjected to uncontrolled exploitation in their natural environment. Thus, aquaculture could contribute to satisfy the commercial demand for animals while promoting the recovery of wild stocks. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of the substituting Artemia nauplii with rotifers for first feeding seahorse juveniles. Survival, growth and biochemical composition of prey organisms and fish were studied during the feeding trial. In addition, to help the biometric study, an anaesthetic test was also carried out using clove oil. The results showed excellent survival (average 60%) in juveniles exclusively fed with Artemia, with better values than those reported previously obtained by other authors for this species. By comparison, high mortality and poor growth were observed during first feeding with seahorses fed on rotifers. This could have been related to the lower energy intake and poorer nutritional value of the rotifers. Furthermore, clove oil concentrations of 25 ppm were found to work well as an anaesthetic for seahorse juveniles. Overall, first feeding Artemia alone was found to be an efficient and simplified method for feeding young H. hippocampus fry, building the principles for their culture for ornamental or re‐stocking purposes. 相似文献
90.
Setu Chakraborty Trung Cao Ahmed Hossain Hajarooba Gnanagobal Ignacio Vasquez Danny Boyce Javier Santander 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(7):1057-1064
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a native fish of the North Atlantic Ocean, is utilized as cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestations in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. However, bacterial infections are affecting cleaner fish performance. Vibrio anguillarum, the aetiological agent of vibriosis, is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in lumpfish, and effective vaccine programmes against this pathogen have been identified as a high priority for lumpfish. Vibrogen‐2 is a commercial polyvalent bath vaccine that contains formalin‐inactivated cultures of V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2, and Vibrio ordalii. In this study, we evaluated Vibrogen‐2 efficacy in lumpfish against a local isolated V. anguillarum strain. Two groups of 125 lumpfish were bath‐immunized, bath‐boost‐immunized at four weeks post‐primary immunization, and intraperitoneally (i.p.) boost‐immunized at eight weeks post‐primary immunization. The control groups were i.p. mock‐immunized with PBS. Twenty‐seven weeks post‐primary immunization, the fish were i.p. challenged with 10 or 100 times the V. anguillarum J360 LD50 dose. After the challenge, survival was monitored daily, and samples of tissues were collected at ten days post‐challenge. Commercial vaccine Vibrogen‐2 reduced V. anguillarum tissue colonization and delayed mortality but did not confer immune protection to C. lumpus against the V. anguillarum i.p. challenge. 相似文献