QTL混合遗传模型扩展至2对主基因＋多基因时的多世代联合分析

本文将Gai and Wang(1998)的P1、 F1、 P2、 B1、 B2和F2 6个世代 联合分离分析方 法从A、 B、 C、 D 4类共17种遗传模型扩展至E(2对主基因＋多基因)共5类24种遗传模型 。 成分分布参数估计的方法由EM算法改进为迭代条件EM算法(IECM), 其收敛性和所获结果 优于EM算法。 水稻株高例中2对主基因+多基因的遗传模型(E-2)优于原所     

A Spontaneous Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Submandibular Gland in a Sprague-Dawley Rat

The present report describes a rare case of spontaneous tumor of the salivary gland in a male Sprague-Dawley rat. The clinically confirmed mass rapidly developed in the cervical region between 19 and 21 weeks of age, and the animal was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, a well-circumscribed nodule approximately 7 × 6 cm in diameter was found at the site of the salivary gland. The cut surface of the nodule was lobulated and soft and had a pinkish tan fish-flesh appearance. One large cyst (approximately 3 × 2 cm in size) containing reddish fluid was also present in the nodule. Histopathologically, the tumor, with a partially lobulated structure, was surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. The majority of tumor cells formed a diffuse solid sheet structure that mainly consisted of small ovoid or spindle-shaped cells. In the tumor periphery, some cells were arranged in nest-like structures. Small duct-like structures lined with a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells resembling an intercalated duct or large polygonal clear cells with a myoepithelial component were also observed. Mitotic figures and necrotic foci were frequently observed in solid areas. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, p63, α-smooth muscle actin and calponin. The cells were negative for calcitonin, synaptophysin and chromogranin A. On the basis of these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma originating from the luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells in the submandibular gland.     

再生水灌溉冬小麦的铅和镉累积分布研究

再生水灌溉对作物重金属含量的影响,是再生水能否安全利用的重要基础问题。通过冬小麦的盆栽试验,研究了再生水灌溉对土壤和冬小麦植株铅、镉含量的影响。结果表明,再生水灌溉对土壤铅、镉含量没有明显的影响,而混灌和轮灌较再生水纯灌可以降低土壤铅含量,但对土壤镉含量没有明显的减低作用。再生水灌溉处理小麦各器官的镉含量分布是根>叶>茎>籽粒,铅含量分布是叶>根>茎>籽粒,叶片铅含量较其他器官高可能与大气铅污染有关。再生水灌溉后,小麦各器官镉含量较清水对照有一定的提高,但铅、镉含量和对照相比差异不显著。应用再生水灌溉,小麦籽粒中铅、镉含量均符合国家食用安全标准,但镉含量较清水灌溉有升高现象,在生产应用中要有所注意。     

Intramyocardial haematoma causing right ventricular outflow obstruction after brown snake (Pseudonaja species) envenomation in a dog

A 15-month-old, male neutered Staffordshire Bull Terrier cross was presented to its referring veterinarian collapsed and agonal. He was immediately intubated, manually ventilated, and treatment commenced for presumptive snake envenomation with two vials of Tiger/Multi-Brown Snake Antivenom (minimum 7000 units/vial). The dog was transferred to a referral hospital intubated. Additional diagnostics performed following arrival at the referral hospital included a urine snake venom detection kit test, which was positive for brown snake immunotype. Three additional vials of Tiger/Multi-Brown Snake Antivenom (minimum 7000 units/vial) were administered until the dog was extubated and able to stand. Venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) was diagnosed based on prolonged clotting times and scleral haemorrhage. Paroxysms of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) origin ventricular arrhythmias were treated with lignocaine and sotalol. Four days after presentation, a new-grade IV/VI systolic heart murmur was auscultated, prompting an echocardiogram. An anechoic and compartmentalised mass measuring 43 mm × 19 mm was visualized within the right ventricular wall at the RVOT, immediately adjacent to the pulmonic valve. The mass was causing a RVOT obstruction. Its appearance was suggestive of an intramyocardial haematoma, most likely secondary to VICC. The dog remained cardiovascularly stable, and treatment consisted of supportive care. Recheck echocardiograms at 2 and 7 weeks after discharge revealed progressive improvement of the intramyocardial mass and resolution of the associated heart murmur. Although intramyocardial haematomas are rare, it should be considered as a differential in dogs that develop a newly diagnosed heart murmur and/or cardiac arrhythmia following brown snake envenomation.     

一种复合保温覆盖材料研制和应用试验初报

研制了一种替代草帘的日光温室夜间外覆盖的新型保温材料。这是一种复合材料,隔热保温性优于草帘;质地轻,卷放省力、省工;防水、较耐用;价格适当;洁净光滑,不损伤沾污棚模。经二年在多点应用,普遍反映良好。     

沟灌夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发规律的试验研究

棵间土壤蒸发是农田土壤耗水的重要组成部分。该文采用两种规格的微型棵间蒸发皿(Micro-Lysimeter)分别测定沟灌夏玉米田沟、垄土面蒸发量,并对沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾变化规律进行了试验研究,分析了相对棵间土壤蒸发强度与土壤含水率的关系以及棵间土壤蒸发强度与作物叶面积指数的关系。结果表明,沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间土壤蒸发量占全生育总耗水量的33.06%～34.35%,棵间土壤相对蒸发强度与表层土壤含水率和作物叶面积指数之间均呈现良好的指数函数关系,灌溉或降雨后2～3 d内土壤蒸发强度较大,受大气蒸发力影响明显。因此,在不影响作物蒸腾的条件下减少表层土壤的湿润面积和湿润次数是减少棵间土壤蒸发、提高作物水分利用效率的主要技术途径与措施。     

压电共振型隔膜气泵设计

提出了一种利用系统共振原理的压电共振型隔膜气泵.分析了共振泵的工作原理,建立了共振泵的动力学模型,通过计算获得影响共振泵输出流量的主要因素.设计了共振泵样机,使用激光测微仪测得隔膜片的放大位移约是同一支撑条件下的压电振子位移的5.3倍,设计了测量共振泵输出流量的实验装置.通过实验测试得到在不同的振动弹簧刚度、调整弹簧片刚度和隔膜片刚度下输出流量及其相应的变化规律.实验测试表明:在输入电压为150 V、振动弹簧片厚度为0.6 mm、调整弹簧片厚度为1.4 mm、刚性传振活塞与隔膜片半径比为0.5和共振频率为230 Hz时,输出流量可以达到1 650 mL/min.     

双腔侧充种式水稻精量穴播排种器的设计与试验

为实现杂交稻和常规稻大田精量穴播,该文设计了一种具有弧形毛刷清种护种装置的双腔侧充式水稻精量穴播排种器,其单腔播种时用于播种杂交稻,双腔播种时用于播种常规稻。为评价该排种器排种性能,以合格率、漏播率、重播率、破损率为评价指标,以杂交稻"培杂泰丰"和常规稻"黄华占"为试验对象,以排种轴转速为影响因素,进行了排种性能台架试验。试结果表明:当排种轴转速为25 r/min,穴距150 mm,投种高度为150 mm,排种盘型孔中心线与排种盘端面间夹角为20°,且过端面上型孔截面长轴方向与排种盘面径向夹角为90°时,排种器单腔播种含水率为21.66%的杂交稻"培杂泰丰"破胸露白芽种合格率(2~4粒/穴)为87.04%,空穴率(0粒/穴)为3.33%,破损率为0.40%;双腔播种含水率为22.47%的常规稻"黄华占"破胸露白芽种合格率(5~8粒/穴)为70.26%,无空穴,破损率为0.06%。该排种器具有双腔结构,可同时或分腔进行播种,能同时满足杂交稻和常规稻播种要求。该研究为排种器的结构设计提供了参考。     

灵芝多糖对番茄抗灰霉病的诱导效应

【目的】诱导抗病剂可以诱导寄主植株产生系统抗病性,具有持效性和广谱性的特点。论文以番茄植株为模式植物,番茄灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）为目标菌,进行温室盆栽试验,以期明确灵芝多糖诱导剂对番茄灰霉病的诱导抗性。【方法】用一定质量浓度的灵芝多糖溶液（50、100、200和400 mg·L^-1）喷雾处理盆栽番茄植株第1、2片真叶（正反面）,每2 d喷施1次,共诱导3次,最后一次诱导2 d后全株喷雾接种供试菌孢子悬浮液（（1-2）×10⁶个孢子/mL）,对照组施用等量清水代替灵芝多糖溶液,与各处理平行喷雾接种番茄灰霉菌孢子悬浮液。在接种孢子悬浮液之前用注射器将番茄苗茎基部刺伤,注意伤口不能太大。然后再罩上塑料薄膜保湿24 h,接种孢子悬浮液2 d内植株遮阴处理,并用加湿器提高温室内的相对湿度,相对湿度控制在不低于90%,温度控制在（15±5）℃,接种后第3 天正常光照。通过调查植株病情指数,计算相对防治效果以评价灵芝多糖对番茄抗灰霉病的诱导效果,并且从防御酶活性、丙二醛（MDA）和叶绿素含量的变化角度评价其诱导抗性的作用机制。同时用一定质量浓度的灵芝多糖溶液（50、100、200和400 mg·L^-1）处理番茄种子并育苗,20 d后测定番茄幼苗株高、鲜重等多项生长指标。【结果】与直接施用等量清水后挑战接菌的对照组病情指数49.25相比,灵芝多糖处理组的番茄植株病情指数明显下降,在32.96-43.85。其中经400 mg·L^-1灵芝多糖处理的番茄植株病情指数最低为32.96,相对防效达到33.07%。经灵芝多糖处理的番茄植株,其体内与抗病有关的防御酶活性也发生显著变化,过氧化氢酶（CAT）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性在多糖诱导第3天达到最高,分别达到162和98 U·min^-1·g^-1 FW,是对照组的2.13和1.71倍;过氧化物酶（POD）的活性在诱导后第4天达到最高值434 U·min^-1·g^-1 FW,是对照处理组的3.29倍。灵芝多糖能够系统地诱导番茄体内 CAT、POD 及 PPO 活性,显著抑制了感染灰霉菌后番茄植株叶片叶绿素含量的下降。灵芝多糖处理组的MDA含量与对照组相比有所下降,对照处理组在取样期间内MDA含量持续上升,而灵芝多糖处理组在取样期间内MDA含量呈先上升后趋于平稳的变化趋势。各质量浓度灵芝多糖对番茄种子的发芽率、芽长和幼苗株高、植株的鲜重均有不同程度的促进作用。其中200 mg·L^-1灵芝多糖浸泡的番茄种子发芽率最高,达87.3%,比对照组的发芽率77.3%提高了10.0%;且该处理对番茄幼苗的株高和地上部分鲜重的促进作用也最大,分别较对照增加了12.9%和33.3%;经100 mg·L^-1灵芝多糖处理后番茄幼苗的芽长和地下部分鲜重变化最大,与对照组相比分别提高了0.16 cm和0.33 g。【结论】灵芝多糖能够诱导番茄植株对灰霉病产生系统抗病性,同时对番茄种子发芽和番茄植株幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用。     

基于增苗减氮技术构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体

[目的]增施氮肥是实现水稻高产最为重要的措施之一,但过量施用氮肥会降低氮肥吸收利用率并造成氮素面源污染.合理的每穴苗数通过调节稻田基本苗数构建高产群体起点,但通过增加每穴苗数降低施氮量能否同步实现水稻高产及氮素高效利用目前还不清楚.旨在探索每穴苗数及氮肥用量对构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体的协同调控效果.[方法]于2017—2018年,选用五优308及天优华占为晚籼稻材料,设CK(每穴2苗和N 180 kg/hm2)、T1(每穴3苗和N 144 kg/hm2)及T2(每穴4苗和N 126 kg/hm2)等3个处理,测定了水稻干物质生产、叶面积指数、产量及氮素吸收利用.[结果]随着增苗减氮调控程度增加,两品种产量均先增后降.与CK处理相比,五优308及天优华占品种T1处理产量分别增加0.36％～0.38％及8.73％～10.01％,其中天优华占T1处理与CK处理产量间差异达显著水平;天优华占T2处理产量增加0.95％～1.72％,而五优308品种T2处理产量却显著降低7.46％～7.96％.增苗减氮促进晚籼稻有效穗数增加,每穗粒数降低,结实率先增后降,千粒质量无显著变化.两品种抽穗期及成熟期的叶面积指数及幼穗分化期至成熟期的光合势均先增后降,五优308作物生长速率、总干物质量降低,而天优华占作物生长速率、总干物质量却均先增后降.总吸氮量降低,氮素偏生产力增加、氮素吸收利用率、生理利用率及农学利用率均先增后降.[结论]T1处理可同步协调"增苗"与"减氮"二者关系,可有效构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体,但具体调控效果因品种而异.