不同蛋白水平日粮对荷斯坦公犊牛糖异生的影响

为探究不同蛋白水平日粮对荷斯坦公犊牛糖异生的影响,选取年龄和生理状态相似的10头荷斯坦公犊牛(平均为5月龄,体重(172.80±7.16)kg),随机分为2组,每组5头,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为15.05％和21.02％的颗粒料日粮,预试期7 d,正试期56 d.通过葡萄糖试剂盒测定血清和肝脏葡萄糖含量,液相色谱测定氨基酸...     

Nutritional Properties of Various Tissues from New Kenaf Cultivars

Kenaf is an economically important crop that contains various functional compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional properties of leaves, stem bark, flowers, and seeds collected from three mutant kenaf cultivars (Jangdae, Baekma, and Jeokbong) and two original cultivars (Jinju and C14). For all analyzed tissues, there were no significant differences in the proximate compositions (moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, and nitrogen-free extract) among the tested genotypes, except for the leaf crude protein content, which was highest in Jinju plants. Of the tested minerals, potassium and calcium were the most abundant in all tissues. Additionally, we detected significant differences in the mineral contents (e.g., calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and iron) of various tissues in all cultivars. Proline and phenylalanine were the major amino acids detected in leaves, and the highest total amino acid (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) contents were observed in Jinju plants. The TAA and EAA contents were lower in stem bark than in the other tissues, except in Baekma plants, in which the lowest levels were observed in flowers. Moreover, the TAA and EAA contents were approximately 20 times lower in white flowers (Baekma) than in ivory flowers. Furthermore, the highest TAA and EAA concentrations were observed in Jangdae seeds. These results may be useful for identifying the optimal cultivar and tissues for use in food products.     

泊江海子流域土壤重金属分布与生态风险探讨

以泊江海子流域的土壤为对象,采集表层土样54份,对7种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Hg、As)含量进行了分析,利用Arc GIS 10.1获取各重金属在该流域空间分布特征,运用单因子法、综合污染指数法及Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对研究区的土壤质量及重金属潜在生态危害程度进行评价。结果表明,土样中7种重金属含量平均值从高到低依次为Zn(79.60 mg/kg)、Cr(56.40 mg/kg)、Ni(12.89 mg/kg)、As(12.48 mg/kg)、Cu(8.34 mg/kg)、Pb(6.60 mg/kg)、Hg(0.03 mg/kg),均达到了国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)一级标准,其中Zn、Cr、Pb含量均值高于内蒙古土壤背景值,Ni、As、Cu含量低于内蒙古土壤背景值;7种重金属空间变异系数均达到中等变异程度;土壤各重金属元素的单因子指数均值从大到小依次为As、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Hg、Pb,综合污染指数平均值为0.95,说明整个研究区土壤为尚清洁状态;相对于标准,约1/3土壤存在轻微以上污染,Zn含量的高低是影响土壤环境质量的主导因素;Hg、As为综合潜在生态风险主要贡献元素,综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为85.98,该流域处于轻微生态危害等级。     

双腔侧充种式水稻精量穴播排种器的设计与试验

为实现杂交稻和常规稻大田精量穴播,该文设计了一种具有弧形毛刷清种护种装置的双腔侧充式水稻精量穴播排种器,其单腔播种时用于播种杂交稻,双腔播种时用于播种常规稻。为评价该排种器排种性能,以合格率、漏播率、重播率、破损率为评价指标,以杂交稻"培杂泰丰"和常规稻"黄华占"为试验对象,以排种轴转速为影响因素,进行了排种性能台架试验。试结果表明:当排种轴转速为25 r/min,穴距150 mm,投种高度为150 mm,排种盘型孔中心线与排种盘端面间夹角为20°,且过端面上型孔截面长轴方向与排种盘面径向夹角为90°时,排种器单腔播种含水率为21.66%的杂交稻"培杂泰丰"破胸露白芽种合格率(2~4粒/穴)为87.04%,空穴率(0粒/穴)为3.33%,破损率为0.40%;双腔播种含水率为22.47%的常规稻"黄华占"破胸露白芽种合格率(5~8粒/穴)为70.26%,无空穴,破损率为0.06%。该排种器具有双腔结构,可同时或分腔进行播种,能同时满足杂交稻和常规稻播种要求。该研究为排种器的结构设计提供了参考。     

Common allergens of atopic dermatitis in dogs: comparative findings based on intradermal tests

Intradermal tests were performed on 58 dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis from 2004~2008 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, Korea. To compare the allergen distribution observed in the present investigation to the results from other studies conducted in Korea and elsewhere, the allergens were grouped according to their kinds. There was no significant difference in gender distribution among the dogs. The most common breeds among the 58 dogs were Maltese (n = 11) and Shih-tzu (n = 11). The average age was 4.8 years. The most frequently produced a positive reaction on the intradermal tests was mold (67.3%) followed by house dust (54.5%) and house dust mites (49.1%). The present study found a low distribution of dogs allergic to various outdoor allergens compared to studies performed in other countries; this may reflect differences in living conditions for dogs living in Korea.     

β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate promotes leucine metabolism and improves muscle fibre composition in growing pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess leucine (Leu) vs. its metabolites α‐ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB) on Leu metabolism, muscle fibre composition and muscle growth in growing pigs. Thirty‐two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets for 45 days: basal diet, basal diet + 1.25% L‐Leu, basal diet + 1.25% KIC‐Ca, basal diet + 0.62% HMB‐Ca. Results indicated that relative to the basal diet and HMB groups, Leu and KIC groups exhibited increased Leu concentrations and decreased concentrations of isoleucine, valine and EAAs in selected muscle (p < 0.05) and had lower mRNA levels of MyHC I and higher expression of MyHC IIx/IIb (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the basal and HMB‐supplemented groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of AMPKα and UCP3 were higher but the myostatin mRNA levels were lower in the soleus muscle of the HMB group than those from other groups (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that doubling dietary Leu content exerted growth‐depressing effects in growing pigs; dietary KIC supplementation induced muscular branched‐chain amino acid imbalance and promoted muscle toward a more glycolytic phenotype; while dietary HMB supplementation promoted the generation of more oxidative muscle types and increased muscle growth specially in oxidative skeletal muscle, and these effects of HMB might be associated with the AMPKα‐Sirt1‐PGC‐1α axis and mitochondrial biogenesis.     

峦大杉与杉木人工林的生长形质、林分分化和空间利用比较

以福建省来舟国有林场31年生人工林为研究对象,通过样地的调查数据,分析了峦大杉和杉木生长性状指标。结果表明:峦大杉的平均树高、胸径、单株材积、林分蓄积等生长性状指标显著高于杉木;树种间分级木比例无显著差异,但峦大杉分化略大;峦大杉胸高形数显著高于杉木,枝下高比例显著低于杉木,但树种间的枝下高无显著差异;应用改进可变指数削度方程可以很好地拟合两个树种的干形曲线与干形形状,峦大杉比杉木有着更小的削度、更优的干形和更好的干材品质;峦大杉的平均冠幅、冠长、冠长率、树冠体积、树冠表面积、生长空间指数和竞争指数等显著大于杉木,但峦大杉的树冠圆满度显著小于杉木,树冠更狭长。     

河南省夏播青贮玉米品种筛选与综合评价

为筛选出适合河南地区种植的优质高产青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种,本研究在河南原阳,选用20个玉米品种作为试验材料,对其干物质生物产量、品质性状(粗蛋白、淀粉、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、相对饲用价值)、抗逆性(倒伏率、倒折率、茎腐病)和农艺性状(株高、穗位、青贮生育期)等指标进行比较分析.结果表明:1)渝青386、渝青506、北农青贮368、渝青玉3号、新科910、雅玉04889、先玉1658、郑青贮1号、九新631、北农青贮3740和郑青贮2号11个品种干物质生物产量均高于对照雅玉青贮8号,其中先玉1658和九新631籽粒产量均高于郑单958.2)品质指标在20个品种之间差异显著(P＜0.05),通过品质指标聚类分析获得两大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群玉米品种品质较高,除永优1573外其余品种品质等级均为特级或者一级,且该类群玉米品种中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量较低,淀粉含量和相对饲用价值较高.3)渝青玉3号、渝青386、宁禾0709、渝青506、曲辰19、雅玉04889、大京九26和永优1573 8个品种抗倒性较差.从干物质生物产量、品质、抗逆性等综合考虑,北农青贮368、新科910、先玉1658、郑青贮1号、九新631、北农青贮3740、郑青贮2号7个品种表现最佳,适宜作为青贮玉米品种在河南省黄淮海畜牧产业区推广种植.     

巴西橡胶树HbNAC1基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

NAC转录因子是植物特有的一类转录调控因子,在植物的生长发育、激素调节和境胁迫应答中具有重要的功能。为研究NAC转录因子在巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）抗逆胁迫中的功能,本项目组根据巴西橡胶树NAC转录因子-HbNAC1基因序列,通过Genome Walking方法从巴西橡胶基因组DNA中获得了长度为1861bp的HbNAC1基因的5＇调控区片段,序列分析表明该段序列含有一个典型的真核生物核心启动子区域,转录起始位点T位于起始密码子上游52bp处。该启动子序列除了含有TATA-box、CAAT-box等基本顺式作用元件外,还具有茉莉酸响应元件以及大量光顺式作用元件和逆境胁迫诱导相关的顺式调控元件,这表明HbNAC1基因在橡胶树逆境胁迫应答过程具有重要功能,其启动子可能是一个光诱导型和组织特异性启动子。