提升咸宁竹业与发展区域经济

咸宁是全国主要竹产区之一,竹业是咸宁经济发展的一个主导产业.从栽培技术、基地规模、加 工效益、经济份额等方面看,提升咸宁的竹业具有可行性;从农业、工业、旅游等区域经济发展全局看,提升咸宁竹业具有必要性.因此,必须抓住国家高度重视林业和生态建设的机遇,进一步巩固竹业的支柱地位、加快资源培育、开展精深加工、激活发展机制,将传统的资源优势转变为明显的经济优势,为建设咸宁新型生态园林城市作出更大贡献.     

蚜灰蝶对竹蚜虫的捕食效应

采用室内试验方法研究蚜灰蝶对竹蚜的捕能力及其日捕习性,结果表明:蚜灰蝶1,2,3龄幼虫对居竹舞蚜日均捕食量依次为93.60,161.80和266.20只.1日内捕食量及捕食速度的变化规律为上午＜下午＜夜间,以夜间21:30-1:30间捕食量及捕食速度最大;其最适宜捕食温度25～30℃,以30℃捕食量最高.随着空间异质性强度和种内干扰增加,其捕食量和捕食速度均随之降低.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsLAP6/OsPKS1</Emphasis>, an orthologue of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis PKSA/LAP6</Emphasis>, is critical for proper pollen exine formation

Background

Male fertility is crucial for rice yield, and the improvement of rice yield requires hybrid production that depends on male sterile lines. Although recent studies have revealed several important genes in male reproductive development, our understanding of the mechanisms of rice pollen development remains unclear.

Results

We identified a rice mutant oslap6 with complete male sterile phenotype caused by defects in pollen exine formation. By using the MutMap method, we found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation located in the second exon of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 was responsible for the mutant phenotype. OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is an orthologous gene of Arabidopsis PKSA/LAP6, which functions in sporopollenin metabolism. Several other loss-of-function mutants of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing tool also exhibited the same phenotype of male sterility. Our cellular analysis suggested that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 might regulate pollen exine formation by affecting bacula elongation. Expression examination indicated that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is specifically expressed in tapetum, and its product is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Protein sequence analysis indicated that OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is conserved in land plants.

Conclusions

OsLAP6/OsPKS1 is a critical molecular switch for rice male fertility by participating in a conserved sporopollenin precursor biosynthetic pathway in land plants. Manipulation of OsLAP6/OsPKS1 has potential for application in hybrid rice breeding.

     

提高元宝枫种子发芽率的方法研究

为找出提高元宝枫种子发芽率的方法,对元宝枫种子进行不同试剂浸种处理,并对发芽状况和幼苗生长状况进行分析。结果表明:200mg/L、400mg/L赤霉素(GA_3)和2%硝酸钾(KNO3)浸泡与对照相比均能显著提高元宝枫种子发芽率,其中200mg/L GA_3发芽率最高,达61.7%,400mg/L GA_3对元宝枫幼芽生长有显著促进作用;98%硫酸(H_2SO_4)浸种,5%、10%PEG_(6000)浸种及80℃水浴10min处理对元宝枫发芽率有抑制作用;60%H_2SO_4浸种、60℃水浴10min和4%KNO_3浸种对元宝枫种子发芽无明显促进作用。     

油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的影响

为了探明竹材独特结构和油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的协同影响,本研究以机油为导热介质对毛竹进行油浴热处理,分析了不同热处理温度（150、180、210℃）和不同处理时间（1、3、5 h）条件下竹材干缩性及力学性能的变化情况。结果表明：经过热处理后,竹材含水率和横向干缩率均有下降,表明高温热处理克服了竹材亲水性强和干缩性差的缺点。但是经过热处理后,竹材的力学性能总体呈下降趋势。在同样的热处理条件下,带青带黄竹材的物理力学性能均高于去青去黄竹材,说明保留竹材的竹青竹黄对热处理十分有利,且同时能提高竹材的利用率。     

A field experiment on stabilization of Cd in contaminated soils by surface-modified nano-silica (SMNS) and its phyto-availability to corn and wheat

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Cd-contaminated soil is a common environmental problem. Stabilization is an effective way of in situ remediation for Cd contamination in soils, but there is a lack...     

Restricted nitrous oxide emissions by ammonia oxidizers in two agricultural soils following excessive urea fertilization

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Nitrogen (N) fertilizer placement in bands is a widely accepted agricultural practice to increase N use efficiency. An excessive ammonium concentration in a...     

CeO2添加比例对Fe基催化剂催化纤维素气化制氢的影响

为研究CeO2添加对生物质催化气化制氢特性的影响,该研究采用分级气化系统分析了不同CeO2/Fe2O3比例（Ce∶Fe摩尔比为0∶1、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、1∶0）双金属催化剂对纤维素水蒸气催化重整制氢气体产物产量、组成以及催化剂的结构演变特性的影响。结果表明,CeO2/Fe2O3催化剂在制氢反应中的催化性能明显优于纯CeO2或Fe2O3催化剂,当Ce∶Fe摩尔比为3∶7时,在800℃下氢气的最大产率为21.63 mmol/g（以纤维素计,下同）;当温度大于等于800℃时,催化剂氧化还原反应后可生成CeFeO3,且CeFeO3的存在对纤维素水蒸气气化过程有促进作用。CeO2的引入提高了催化剂的氧化性能和稳定性,提高了使用寿命。该研究对生物质气化机制的深入理解具有一定的指导意义。     

生物能源植物小桐子功能基因及基因组研究进展

为缓解能源需求与原油价格不断上涨以及有限的化石燃料储备之间的矛盾,人们得寻找更加生态、可持续再生的替代能源。利用能源植物生产生物柴油与生物酒精类燃料已成为发展的方向。其中,大戟科的小桐子以其强抗逆性、高含油量等特点而受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了能源植物小桐子油脂含量与质量、生物代谢以及抗逆性等方面的相关功能基因、细胞学染色体核型、核基因组以及叶绿体基因组的研究进展,以期为能源植物小桐子的遗传改良提供参考。     

超级稻“三定”栽培法研究I概念与理论依据

总结了国内关于水稻和超级稻高产栽培的基本生物学规律及其高产栽培技术研究的经验,提出了定目标产量、定群体指标、定技术规范的超级稻“三定”栽培法,并论述和讨论了“三定”栽培法的概念及其理论依据。指出超级稻品种有其适宜的种植区域,在不同生态区域种植的超级稻产量表现不同。生产上应按照超级稻的种植区域,以确定适合的栽培目标产量,采用与目标产量相一致的定量化栽培技术和群体发育调控技术,实现高产稳产高效的超级稻生产。