香菇多糖的免疫调节作用及在家禽上的应用

香菇多糖是从香菇中提取分离的一种活性多糖,具有较强的免疫活性作用。本文综述了香菇多糖的免疫调节作用及其在家禽中的应用效果。     

犬源伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及其主要毒力基因分子特征分析

对发生临床疑似伪狂犬病毒(PRV)感染的牧羊犬组织样品,进行研磨、细胞接种、传代培养、细胞病变效应(CPE)观察、PCR检测、效价测定、电镜观察、IFA检测、家兔接种以及基因测序分析等,结果成功分离到1株犬源PRV毒株,命名为XJ-14株。该毒株可致PK-15细胞产生变圆、破碎、逐渐呈拉网式漂浮等特征性细胞病变;PRV gE-PCR检测阳性,病毒效价达10~(-7.45)/0.1 mL;病毒粒子在电镜下呈圆形,有囊膜,直径约150 nm;PRV荧光抗体检测阳性,接种家兔后可致家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡。对该毒株gC、gE、TK基因进行全基因测序,发现gE糖蛋白的48、497位各插入了1个D,另有12个氨基酸位点发生点突变,其gC蛋白氨基酸序列64~70位出现了7个氨基酸(AASTPAA)插入。结果表明,此牧羊犬病例是由PRV感染所致。     

扎龙保护区春季黑翅长脚鹬觅食生境分析

2007年4～5月,在扎龙自然保护区对黑翅长脚鹬的觅食生境进行了调查研究.利用定点观察法、样方法、因子测定法对黑翅长脚鹬觅食地的植被高度、植被密度、植被盖度、觅食地水深等进行了测量,得到黑翅长脚鹬觅食生境数据.并对野外调查数据用方差分析以及平均值比较等数学方法处理,获得黑翅长脚鹬最佳觅食地的数据.     

广东大峡谷自然保护区社区公众野生动物保护意识调查

2008年6月,对广东大峡谷自然保护区社区公众野生动物保护意识进行了问卷调查。结果表明：（1）公众对野生动物保护知识匮乏,缺乏野生动物保护法制意识;（2）公众普遍对野生动物面临的威胁有较明确的认识,具有保护意愿,但缺乏保护野生动物的积极性和主动性;（3）公众接受野生动物保护教育的主要途径是电视。本文针对广东大峡谷自然保护区公众野生动物保护意识现状及其存在的问题,提出了一些建议。     

鳄鱼养殖场选址的主要因素分析

近年来,国内兴起建鳄鱼养殖场的热潮,而指导新养殖户们如何进行鳄鱼养殖场选址的相关研究尚未见报道。为此,笔者于2007年6月至2008年7月深入鳄鱼养殖场进行调查,探讨鳄鱼场选址时的主要考虑因素：温度、饲料、市场与交通、水质和安全等,并认为在实际操作过程中,其他的一些因素,如土地权属和水电供应等也不可忽略。     

Isolation and identification of a South China strain of Plasmodium inui from Macaca fascicularis

Southeast Asian macaques are hosts of a number of Plasmodium infections, some of which are transmittable to humans. During examination of blood films of five wild-caught long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis from South China, malaria infection was detected in one of the monkeys. In order to isolate this parasite for identification and characterization, we experimentally passed this parasite through both Assamese (M. assamensis) and rhesus (M. mulatta) monkeys by intravenous injection of infected blood. This parasite morphologically resembled Plasmodium inui, and had a typical 72 h quartan periodicity. This parasite was infective to Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, and salivary gland sporozoites appeared 13 days post feeding. Feeding by 20 infected An. dirus mosquitoes on another Assamese monkey produced infection with a prepatent period of 8 days. Molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNA genes and the mitochondrial genome confirmed this parasite as an isolate of P. inui. In spleen-intact macaques, the infection had a protracted duration with parasites being detected during the rearing of the infected monkeys for over two years. In summary, this study identified a P. inui isolate and successfully passed this parasite through Assamese monkeys by both intravenous inoculation and mosquito transmission.     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季生长肥育猪血清生化指标的影响

将48头体重43kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪随机分成两组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、10mg/kgGABA的日粮。结果表明:添加GABA使血清中钙、磷、钾、氯4种无机离子浓度提高,差异不显著(P>0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮水平有提高趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平提高13.29%,差异显著(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性上升,差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性分别下降16.93%(P<0.05)、38.22%(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升,其中GSH-Px差异极显著(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P>0.05)。     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递     

莆田黑猪猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞系的建立

为获得可用于体细胞核移植中需要的供核细胞,利用组织块法培养莆田黑猪猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞,并对莆田黑猪猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞进行传代及冷冻.通过试验,获得能在体外正常传代培养的细胞系,为莆田黑猪克隆研究提供供核细胞来源.     

Density-Dependent Ecohydrological Effects of Piñon–Juniper Woody Canopy Cover on Soil Microclimate and Potential Soil Evaporation

Many rangeland processes are driven by microclimate and associated ecohydrological dynamics. Most rangelands occur in drylands where evapotranspiration normally dominates the water budget. In these water-limited environments plants can influence abiotic and biotic processes by modifying microclimate factors such as soil temperature and potential soil evaporation. Previous studies have assessed spatial variation in microclimate and associated ecohydrological attributes within an ecosystem (e.g., under vs. between woody canopies) or across ecosystems (e.g., with differing amounts of woody canopy cover), but generally lacking are assessments accounting systematically for both, particularly for evergreen woody plants. Building on recently quantified trends in near-ground solar radiation associated with a piñon–juniper gradient spanning 5% to 65% woody canopy cover, we evaluated trends in soil temperature and associated estimates of potential soil evaporation as a function of amount of woody canopy cover for sites overall and for associated canopy vs. intercanopy locations. Quantified soil temperature trends decreased linearly with increasing woody canopy cover for intercanopy as well as canopy patches, indicating the coalescing influence of individual canopies on their neighboring areas. Notably, intercanopy locations within high-density (65%) woody canopy cover could be as much as ～10°C cooler than intercanopy locations within low-density (5%) cover. Corresponding potential soil evaporation rates in intercanopies within high-density woody canopy cover was less than half that for intercanopies within low density. Our results highlight ecohydrological consequences of density-dependent shading by evergreen woody plants on soil temperature and potential soil evaporation and enable managers to rapidly estimate and compare approximate site microclimates after assessing amounts of woody canopy cover. Such predictions of microclimate have general utility for improving management of rangelands because they are a fundamental driver of many key processes, whether related to understory forage and herbaceous species or to wildlife habitat quality for game or nongame species.