基于Simulink的液压系统建模与仿真

针对农业机械中液压系统结构复杂、研发周期长等问题,通过分析农业机械中液压回路各个组成元件特性,基于Simulink构建元件动态数学模型。对液压回路进行研究,分析了液压回路在不同元件参数下的动态性能,为优化液压回路系统提供参考。     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.     

社群丰容对圈养小熊猫区域分配的影响

为探索社群丰容对重庆动物园圈养小熊猫行为区域分配的影响,2014年1月—2015年2月,用目标动物取样法对比观察春季、夏季、秋季、冬季社群丰容前后圈养小熊猫区域分配。结果表明:社群丰容增加了小熊猫对栖架、树上的利用,减少了内室和裸露地面和近游客区域的利用。树上利用的最大占比值在夏季,丰容增加了11.1%;栖架的利用最大占比值在春季,丰容增加了2.8%;冬季对内室的利用占比值最高,丰容后,其利用占比减少了8.4%,从而相应增加了小熊猫户外停留时间;丰容后,小熊猫对裸露地面的最大利用占比值减少了3.7%,近游客区域最大占比值减少了5.6%。小熊猫对六大区域的最高利用占比,丰容前后没有变化,最高为树上,最少为裸露地面。     

醋酸铅对母鼠生殖与胚胎发育影响

将420只体质量为(15.32±2.01)g的雌性昆明系小鼠随机分为5个处理组和1个对照组,每组设7个重复,每个重复10只。各处理组分别腹腔按体质量注射10、15、20、25、30mg/kg的醋酸铅溶液,对照组注射等体积的灭菌生理盐水,每隔2d注射并称重1次,共注射10次,期间记录小鼠体质量及临床表现。当小鼠体质量达到25g以上时,分批对各试验组和对照组进行超排处理,腹腔注射10IU马绒毛膜促性腺激素(PMSG),47h后注射10IU人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG),并与公鼠合笼。合笼后87~96h内颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,观察卵巢、子宫形态,并统计胚胎数,同时制作卵巢、子宫石蜡切片,观察其病理组织学变化,研究醋酸铅对雌性小鼠卵巢、子宫组织结构及早期胚胎发育的影响。结果显示:(1)当醋酸铅染毒剂量≥20mg/kg时,可明显抑制小鼠体质量的增长,随着染毒剂量的增加,作用时间的延长,小鼠体质量增加明显趋缓,与对照组相比,差异显著或极显著(P0.05,P0.01);(2)染铅组母鼠早期胚胎发育受到显著影响,主要表现为回收胚胎总数以及受精卵发育到桑椹胚和囊胚的总数均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而各染铅组退化胚、延迟胚数和未受精卵总数显著高于对照组(P0.05);(3)染铅组卵巢中的初级卵泡、次级卵泡、成熟卵泡数量明显低于对照组,而原始卵泡、闭锁卵泡数量明显高于对照组。(4)染铅组小鼠卵巢和子宫形态发生明显畸形,当醋酸铅染毒剂量≥20mg/kg时,与对照组相比,差异显著或极显著(P0.05,P0.01)。且上述变化均呈明显的剂量一时间效应。研究结果表明,当醋酸铅暴露剂量≥20mg/kg时,可对小鼠生长发育具有明显抑制作用,同时使母鼠生殖器官卵巢和子宫的结构造成严重损害,并影响其生殖功能与早期胚胎发育。     

农作物秸秆计量检测技术

中国是农业大国，秸秆资源的蕴藏量极其丰富。为实现农作物秸秆资源利用的最大化，必须对秸秆收集、储藏以及利用过程中各成分、物理特性的变化进行实时监测。因此，对农作物秸秆计量检测技术的需求不断增长，其研究和应用极具价值。介绍了中国农作物秸秆资源的现状以及秸秆的使用价值，主要针对秸秆水分含量、元素含量、木质纤维素含量以及热值这4种参数指标的计量检测技术进行了综述，同时也探讨了有关秸秆物理特性的检测方法。     

两种除草剂对紫背浮萍的生长抑制活性研究

本文以叶状体数为测试指标,在实验室条件下研究了除草剂草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍生长的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,两种除草剂均对紫背浮萍的生长具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率都随浓度的增加而增大,处理168h后,草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍叶状体的EC50分别为12.817、0.483mg/L。     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.