提高杜仲叶中主要活性物质提取率的研究

单因素试验表明,温度和时间对桃叶珊瑚甙的提取率有显著影响;温度对黄酮类化合物的提取率也有显著影响;浓度对活性成分的提取率在选定的范围内(50～70)影响不大.提取杜仲叶中桃叶珊瑚甙、黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件为:以60乙醇混合溶剂在80℃下提取3次,每次30 min.     

砂地柏杀虫作用研究概况

概述了杀虫植物砂地柏 (Sabina vulgaris Ant.)中杀虫活性物质的化学特性、活性强度、作用方式、作用机理、构效关系及应用等方面的研究情况及进展。通过对砂地柏杀虫作用研究结果的总结和分析 ,为其开发和实际应用研究提供依据     

国麦1号播期播量对群体发育及产量的影响

2002-2003年度在大田高产栽培条件下安排了国麦1号播期、播量裂区试验,对其群体结构指标、幼穗发育、产量与产量构成因素进行了观察和测定分析。结果表明,在本年度生态条件下,国麦1号的幼穗发育进程略晚于豫麦49。不同播期对产量、穗数、穗粒数影响不大,对千粒重影响明显,处理间差异达到显著水平;不同播量对产量、穗数影响均达到显著水平,对穗粒数的影响达到极显著水平。在河南省中部地区种植,可掌握在10月6日左右播种,基本苗控制在150万/hm2左右。     

精油玫瑰研究

综述了玫瑰栽培的经济价值、用于生产精油的玫瑰品种、玫瑰的药理作用及应用、玫瑰精油的提取工艺研究和玫瑰精油的化学成分研究等.     

光敏小麦雄性不育系A31的育性变异及遗传研究

通过不同生态点的育性试验,观察了光敏小麦雄性不育系A31的育性变异,并结合各试验点的光温条件,分析了A31在7个不同生态点的自交结实率。结果表明,A31雄性育性随日长增加有明显的下降趋势,日长是影响其育性的主导因素,在相近日长条件下,温度对A31育性也有一定的影响;A31育性转换的临界日长约为14.5h。对光敏雄性不育系A31与恢复系1376杂交F2分离群体育性的研究表明,582株F2分离群体的平均结实率为42.16%,变异范围为0～86.67%,由于受异源胞质的影响,F2群体中可育株的平均自交结实率低于恢复系1376的平均结实率。卡方测验表明,F2群体的育性分离符合1对基因的分离比例,所以A31光敏育性可能是由1对基因所控制。     

食用菌育种的研究进展

对食用菌育种目标及单孢分离、组织分离、杂交育种、原生质体融合、理化诱变、空间诱变、分子生物学等育种方法的研究进展进行了综述,认为随着生物学的发展,杂交育种、原生质体融合及分子生物学方法仍然是食用菌育种的发展方向。     

新农菜豆1号密度试验初报

研究了新农菜豆1号在3种不同密度下,农艺性状、干物质积累、叶面积指数等的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着密度的增加,株高和底荚高度增加,茎粗、节数、分枝数、分枝总长降低,单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重降低,而百粒重与密度关系不显著。以密度21万株·hm-2鲜荚产量最高,为12440kg·hm-2,百粒鲜重64.7g。     

库尔勒香梨的苹果茎痘病毒cDNA探针检测技术研究

 以库尔勒香梨叶片和皮层为材料 ,对 2种总RNA提取方法进行了比较研究 ,从中行筛选出了适合库尔勒香梨的提取方法 ;并利用RT PCR反应体系成功合成了生物素标记的cDNA探针 ,在此基础上 ,对影响杂交灵敏度的主要因素进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,当探针浓度为 4 0 0ng·ml-1,甲酰胺浓度为 4 5 % ,4 2℃杂交反应 6h ,可获得最高灵敏度。进口硝酸纤维素膜的灵敏度最好 ,基本无背景。Tween2 0的封闭效果比牛血清白蛋白好。对不同组织和不同提取方法提取的总RNA进行了杂交检测 ,结果表     

Visual Programming of Stochastic Weather Generator and Future Applications on Agroecological Study

Based on former studies on weather simulator modules in IPMist laboratory, study on visual programming of stochastic weather generator (VS-WGEN) was continued. In this study, Marlkov Chain,Monte Carlo, Fourier Series, and weak stationary process were used to generate the daily weather data in software Matlab 6.0, with the data input from 40 years' weather data recorded by Beijing Weather Station. The generated data includes daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. It has been verified that the weather data generated by the VS-WGEN were more accurate than that by the old WGEN, when twenty new model parameters were included. VS-WGEN bas wide software applications,such as pest risk analysis, pest forecast and management. It can be implemented in hardware development as well, such as weather control in weather chamber and greenhouse for researches on ecological adaptation of crop varieties to a given location over time and space. Overall, VS-WGEN is a very useful tool for studies on theoretical and applied ecology.     

Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheath at Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopy and Their Influence on Grain Quality

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.