The pathology of selenium deficiency in Cyprinus carpio L

Selenium is essential for the normal life processes, and all animals, including fish, need this inorganic element. In order to research the pathology of selenium deficiency in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., 360 juvenile carp were allocated to three treatments. Each treatment containing 120 fish was randomly divided into four groups, fed with purified diets containing selenium at 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mg kg^?1. The results indicated that the morbidity and mortality rates of the test groups were negatively correlated with the level of selenium in the diets. The morbidity and mortality rates were, respectively, 46.7%, 33.3%, 13.3%, 0 and 26.7% 16.7%, 6.7%, 0. The affected fish exhibited pathological changes, such as ‘thin back disease’ and lordosis. Histologically, there was no abnormality observed in muscles, liver and pancreas. Ultrastructurally, there was swelling of the mitochondria of the cardiac muscle cells, the liver cells and renal tubular epithelial cells, with disintegration and lysis of the cristae of the mitochondria which vesiculated. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were increased and the activity of the serum glutathione peroxidase and the serum superoxide dismutase was decreased; in contrast, the serum malonaldehyde concentration was increased.     

威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区大型海藻夏季群落结构变化

2013年6月和8月,采用潜水采样和录像的方法调查了威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区内礁石上附着的大型海藻,并分析了海藻群落组成与环境因子的关系.2次调查共采集到大型海藻9种,其中红藻门5种、褐藻门和绿藻门各2种.夏末和夏初的海藻群落相似度为20.35％,对相似性贡献最大的5种海藻分别为金膜藻(Chrysymenia wrightii)、日本异管藻(Hterosiphonia japonica)、扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii)、海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和孔石莼(Ulvapertusa).夏末的海藻生物量密度(243.83 g/m2)高于夏初(164.99 g/m2),但覆盖率由64.53％～91.20％降至52.53％～72.53％(威海圣鲲礁区除外),绝对优势种由夏初的日本异管藻演替为夏末的金膜藻.根据主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果,影响海藻群落变化的环境因子中,前3位分别为水温、盐度和水底照度;夏末,由于水体透明度较低(＜2.0 m),光照条件可能成为海藻分布的限制因子.另外,夏末污损生物的大量出现在一定程度上影响了海藻的覆盖率.     

LPG 发动机微机控制点火与数据采集系统的研究

国内 LPG 发动机多由汽油机改装而成,第二代电控 LPG 系统的开发和应用水平不高。介绍了一种小功率单缸汽油机的普通电子点火改装成 LPG 发动机微机控制点火与数据采集系统的实验研究。     

五味子的研究概况及其开发前景

通过对五味子的研究作简要概述,并试对我国五味子的资源培育、野生驯化、人工栽培、产业开发进行初步探讨。     

冰雪灾害后南岭常绿阔叶林受损优势种萌条特性

在南岭冰雪灾害受损常绿阔叶林建立4块样地,分析样地内受损树木的受损类型、径级、树种组成等因子与灾后萌条关系,结果表明:1)灾害后受损优势木72.00%以上均有萌条出现,乔木层优势木萌条率高于灌木层,为南岭地区冰雪灾害后受损森林生态系统快速恢复与重建提供保障;2)不同受损优势木萌条率存在差异,萌条率随着受损程度的增加呈增加的趋势,其中倒伏类型萌条率最高(100%),其他受损类型中灌木层金缕梅科萌条率最低,乔木层樟科萌条率最低;3)冰雪灾害后萌条特性表现出与采伐、刀耕火种后不同的规律,应做为1个特例进行研究;4)建议在我国亚热带地区森林自然干扰频发区,在人工促进恢复时多选用格药柃、小红栲和交让木等,有利于各层次结构与组成的保持.     

北斗导航系统在新疆安全生产过程中的应用研究

针对新疆通信盲区多、移动信号覆盖差，安全事故信息不能及时上报，应急救援指挥严重滞后的现状，提出了建设针对长途客货营运车辆、危险品运输车辆、应急运输车辆、野外工程车的基于我国自主建设、独立运行的北斗卫星导航系统的安全生产运输车辆监控管理系统，提供面向各行业需重点监控各型车辆及其主管调度部门的基于位置的综合信息服务。从而实现生产事故应急救援指挥，有序开展野外事故设备、人员的搜寻，有效提高安全生产信息化水平。     

Effects of Culture Area,Stocking Density,and Shrimp and Fish Polyculture on the Cost Efficiency of Hard Clam,Meretrix meretrix,Culture: A Case Study of Hard Clam Farms in Yunlin,Taiwan

Using the hard clam farms in Yunlin, Taiwan as examples, this study analyzes the effects of culture area, stocking density, and shrimp and fish polyculture on the cost efficiency (CE) of hard clam farming. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the farms' technical efficiency (TE), allocative efficiency (AE), and CE values. The findings show that the mean TE, AE, and CE values of hard clam farms are 0.74, 0.57, and 0.43, respectively. The TE value is higher than the AE value, which indicates that cost inefficiency is mainly attributable to poor AE. Tobit regression results suggest that there are positive relationships between CE and both culture area and operator experience. Hard clam stocking density and age of the operators have negative effects on CE. Hard clam culture areas larger than 2 ha and a stocking density of 1.1–1.2 million hard clams per hectare have higher CEs than smaller culture areas and smaller or larger stocking densities. The use of sand shrimp, white shrimp, kuruma shrimp, and grass shrimp for polyculture and the use of milkfish and silver sea bream for polyculture are both associated with high CEs.     

Effect of Hybrid Abalone,Haliotis discus hannai × Haliotis discus discus,Cultivation on the Carbon Cycle: Carbon Source/Sink

Respiration, calcification, and bio‐deposition of hybrid abalone, Haliotis discus hannai × Haliotis discus discus, fed on different foodstuffs have been measured to evaluate the effect of hybrid abalone culture on carbon source/sink in coastal areas. Fed with Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, U. pinnatifida, and Ulva pertusa, alternated mutually, the carbon bio‐deposition rate of hybrid abalone was 24.29 ± 6.39, 65.40 ± 10.55, 21.48 ± 5.99, and 29.28 ± 6.47 µg/g/h, respectively. Hybrid abalone fed on U. pinnatifida had a higher carbon bio‐deposition rate compared to that fed on other foodstuff (P < 5%). Rate of CO₂ released by respiration of hybrid abalone fed on the experimental foodstuff was 24.53 ± 8.57, 32.73 ± 7.99, 29.31 ± 6.39, and 33.67 ± 12.37 µg/g/h, respectively. Results indicated that calcification presented less relationship with body weight type of the foodstuff. The rate of CO₂ released by calcification into seawater and atmosphere was 2.77 ± 1.89 and 6.53 ± 3.36 µg/g/h, respectively. The total rate of CO₂ released because of bio‐deposition, respiration, and calcification processes was 16.19 ± 4.67 µg/g/h, while the total rate of carbon sequestered in shells and tissues was 8.94 ± 2.07 µg/g/h. The study revealed that hybrid abalone culture is a source of CO₂.     

援非大型拖拉机柴油机故障处理及修复措施

本文对中国援助的埃塞俄比亚中国-埃塞俄比亚农业示范中心的鲁中804大型拖拉机的柴油机不能运转故障，在没有相关零配件置换的情况下，采取了拆卸检查，采取更换润滑油、清除各缸套锈斑、精修拉缸伤痕，清除活塞各进、排气门积炭或污垢等措施修复故障部件，经过正确安装与调试成功修复此柴油机的操作过程进行技术总结，并对如何避免相应故障提出了建议。