鸡大肠杆菌性脑病

作者发现大肠杆菌侵入鸡脑部引起昏睡、神经症状和下痢的脑病,且该菌在脑的分离成功率最高,命名为鸡大肠杆菌性脑病。发现血清型 O_(22)、O_(53)、O_(86):B_7等大肠杆菌能突破鸡的血脑屏障进入脑部引起如上脑病。本病既可在鸡的某些呼吸道病如滑膜霉形体病、败血霉形体病、传染性鼻炎、传染性喉气管炎的基础上继发或混合感染,又可独立发生。     

鸡与鸭饲料氨基酸消化率测定值比较

本研究应用排空强饲法及石岐杂公鸡、樱桃谷公鸭分别测定定了5种饲料氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率。结果表明：除玉米氨基酸表观消化率外,其余饲料的大多数氨基酸消化率在鸡和鸭之间都存在着明显差异;在32小时收粪时间里,鸭的内源氨基酸排出量明显比鸡多;内源氨基酸对鸡和鸭的饲料氨基酸真消化率都有影响,影响大小随蛋白质含量高低而异,一般饲料蛋白质含量越低的饲料两者相差越大。而内源氨基酸排出量对鸭饲料,尤其对低蛋白含量饲料的氨基酸真消化率的影响比鸡更明显。     

Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae HB04C(-) mutant lacking a drug resistance marker in the pigs

Previously, we reported the construction and characterization of a genetically defined Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) apxIIC gene mutant, HB04C(-), which conferred protection to mice against infection with A. pleuropneumoniae. In this study, we further evaluated HB04C(-) for safety and its ability to elicit protective immunity in pigs. It was demonstrated that a dose of 2 x 10(8) CFU HB04C(-) was safe to the pigs via intranasal or intramuscular injection. Immunization with a dose of 2 x 10(8) HB04C(-) by both intranasal and intramuscular routine could yield equal protective efficacy and elicited significant protection against experiment challenge with homologous or heterologous serotypes of a virulent A. pleuropneumonia. Taken together, HB04C(-) might serve as a promising vaccine candidate against infection with A. pleuropneumoniae.     

大蚕、蛹组织切片核酸特异染色技术的探讨

本文对大蚕、蛹的石蜡切片制作及其核酸特异染色方法进行探讨，针对虫体大和蛹体壁高度丁质化特点，对组织固定，脱水、透明、透蜡的时间相应的增加和固定前蛹皮剪开，在截位时要考虑切片段两头保留一段仅用来起保护作用的部分，并采用了二种核酸特异染色方法染色。结果表明：制片设计方案基本可行，部分细节需进一步改进；甲基绿-派罗宁（昂纳-帕彭海姆）染色法的切片组织颜色层次分明，DNA含量丰富的丝腺组织呈紫黑色，其它组织的DNA呈紫红色，RNA呈淡红色，改良的甲基绿一派罗宁染色法的切片组织颜色偏淡；孚尔根染色法的切片组织颜色层次分明，核酸呈紫红色，其它无色，能较好的以颜色的深浅来判断核酸的丰度。更理想的染色方案还有待进一步摸索。     

饲料用复合氨基酸螯合锌的制备工艺研究

利用饲料级豆粕通过硫酸水解来获得复合氨基酸,与硫酸锌反应制备复合氨基酸螯合锌,作为新一代饲料添加剂。通过pH值滴定曲线等方法,研究了不同因素对复合氨基酸螯合锌合成的影响。确定了在pH值7.1,游离氨基酸总量与锌摩尔比为2:1时,螯合率可达到92%以上。     

野蚕越冬卵的孵化和年发生代数的研究

研究证实(1980—1984年),嘉湖平原野蚕年发生三代.越冬卵始孵期为四月中旬,盛期为六月中旬.但近半个世纪以来.很多人一直误认为四月中旬发生的野蚕是第一代,六月下旬发生的为“第二代”,事实上都是越冬卵孵化的幼虫.均为第一代.经测定,四月下旬越冬卵孵化率为0.15%,5月下旬为7.9%,6日20日为91%.本区野蚕产越冬卵最的早在9月17日,高峰期在11月上旬.结束期在12月14日,越冬卵产出越早,翌年卵孵期也早,孵化的早和迟之间可相差122天.野蚕越冬卵翌年孵化期长的原因.与秋冬产卵期长及桑园生态环境复杂有关.据室内4月24日越冬卵孵化的幼虫连续饲养,到第三代卵期恰与室外第二代卵期相重叠,说明自然界发生第四代是可能的,但真正存活率在1%以下.在防治措施上,以在越冬卵孵化高峰期(6月15—20日)施用0.1%敌敌畏.防效最好.     

循环经济的理论与实践--高效生态蚕业模式运作良好

改造传统产业,将科学技术渗透到农业产业化发展之中,发展立体生态农业,提高农业综合实力,促进农业经济效益增长,是当前解决"三农"问题的重点和根本措施.如何使蚕丝产业可持续发展?西南大学和石柱县人民政府合作,通过实地考察,科学论证,探索出了一条桑(蚕)-草(兔、畜)-桑枝(菇)-蚕沙、兔粪(沼气)-沼液、菌棒(肥)-还田(菜、粮)的高效生态蚕丝产业发展模式.本文就该模式实施的理论依据、配套技术、经济效益、生态效益、社会效益等方面作了相关介绍和探讨.     

利用风险分析原理完善动物源性食品安全标准体系

近年来，一些危害人类生命健康的重大动物源性食品安全事件不断发生，如发生在比利时的二恶英事件，英国的疯牛病事件，日本的大肠杆菌0157污染事件以及禽流感疫情等。食品安全已成为一个日益引起关注的全球性热点问题。建立以风险分析为基础的标准体系，推行动物源性食品安全科学的管理模式。     

Monensin controlled-release intraruminal capsule for control of bloat in pastured dairy cows

Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, is potentially an important agent for bloat relief in dairy cows grazing temperate legume-based pasture. A series of studies was undertaken to determine the effect of monensin, when delivered continuously in the rumen of lactating dairy cows by means of controlled-release capsules (monensin CRC). Such devices release approximately 300 mg/head/day for 100 d. A short-term pilot study made at Ruakura, New Zealand, tested monensin CRC in cows selected for high susceptibility to bloat and grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or red clover (Trifolium pratense). Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of bloat, while milk yield and protein yield were increased. There was no effect on fat yield. Following the pilot study, 6 large-scale field experiments involving a total of 368 lactating dairy cows, were made in Australia and New Zealand to confirm the effectiveness of monensin CRC for bloat control and to measure the effect of such treatment on milk production and composition. A severe bloat problem occurred in 2 experiments, mild bloat occurred in 2 others, while no visual signs of bloat were observed in the remaining 2 experiments. Bloat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by monensin CRC treatment when data was pooled over the 4 experiments in which bloat occurred. Daily milk yield was increased in all experiments from a mean of 17.7 in untreated groups to 18.8 kg/head/day (P less than 0.05) in monensin CRC-treated cows. Protein percentage was not affected by treatment, while there was a decrease from 4.29 to 4.10% fat, although total fat yield was not affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)