Molecular community analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with five selected plant species from heavy metal polluted soils

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to play an important role in plant tolerance to heavy metals (HMs) stress. This study aimed to understand the diversity of AMF communities associated with five selected plant species (Phytolacca americana, Rehmannia glutinosa, Perilla frutescens, Litsea cubeba and Dysphania ambrosioides) from severely HMs polluted soils in Dabaoshan Mine region, China, using molecular methods. Plant roots and rhizospheric soils were sampled from four sites, respectively. Targeting the fungal small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that varied AMF communities colonized different plant species, and the AMF communities in rhizospheric soils were different from those in plant roots. Total six SSU rRNA gene clone libraries including four root samples and two rhizospheric soil samples were constructed. Screening clone libraries by DGGE and sequence analysis revealed that Glomus dominated all of the samples except for the roots of D. ambrosioides, while Kuklospora and Ambispora dominated the roots of D. ambrosioides and the rhizosphere of P. americana. This study indicates that diverse AMF are associated with these selected plants, and they are potentially useful to promote the phytoremediation of this HMs polluted area.     

添加沼液的BG11营养液微藻培养试验

利用沼液培育能源微藻,有利于废水处置的同时还能够有效降低微藻生产成本。该文研究了S496、1067、1069、C31、Y7、Y3及W 7株微藻在混有体积分数10%沼液的培养液中的比生长速率、培养液pH值和营养物的变化规律。结果表明,除Y7外,其它6株微藻均能迅速适应沼液营养液,迅速进入对数期生长。在未调节培养液pH值条件下,沼液培养液的pH值在培养的前2～4 d均有所下降,从9.20～9.32下降至8.73～9.09,之后才开始恢复并上升。在pH值下降时,藻的比生长速率有不断增大的趋势。培养12 d后,上述7株微藻在培养液中干质量累积量在0.310～0.607 g/L之间;培养过程中,NH4-N、Mg2+、SO42-、Mn、F-、Fe的浓度都大幅下降,NH4-N、Mn、Fe几乎被完全消耗;Mg2+降幅为11.47%～87.73%;SO42-为37.30%～62.70%;F-为18.18%～54.55%。该文为利用沼液培养能源微藻提供依据。     

基于LISS4数据的小麦氮素营养状况反演研究

利用LISS4卫星遥感数据在小麦氮素营养状况监测方面进行了初步研究。根据搭载多光谱传感器LISS4的IRS-P6的过境周期,2006年5月3日在江苏省盐城地区进行同步地面取样测试,通过分析试验点小麦LISS4影像光谱信息与小麦叶面积指数及叶片氮含量的相关关系,发现小麦叶面积指数和叶片氮含量与LISS4影像三个波段反射率及植被指数RVI、NDVI、GNDVI均密切相关,表明利用LISS4遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。比较不同波段原始反射率和植被指数,在本研究中LISS4影像波段4反射率与小麦氮素营养状况相关最密切。检验结果也表明利用LISS4影像波段4反射率估测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。研究成果为利用遥感技术大面积监测小麦氮素营养状况和实施精确栽培管理提供了理论依据。     

Impact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice on soil microbial community

Allelopathic rice releases allelochemicals from its roots to paddy soils at early growth stages to inhibit neighboring weeds. However, little is currently known about the effects of allelochemicals on soil microbes. In this study, we show that allelopathic rice can have great impact on the population and community structure of soil microbes. Allelopathic rice PI312777 seedlings reduced the culturable microbial population and total PLFA when compared to non-allelopathic rice Liaojing-9. Similar results were observed when, instead of growing seedlings, soils were incubated with plant root exudates. This result demonstrates that the composition of root exudates from the rice varieties tested contributes to the soil microbial community. Further experiments showed that the microbial community was affected by the allelochemical 5,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxy-7-O-β-glucopyranosylflavone exuded from allelopathic rice roots, through immediately hydrolyzing glucose with stimulation on soil bacteria and aglycone (5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavone) with inhibition on soil fungi. This result indicates that the flavone O-glycoside can provide carbon and interact with soil microbes. PC analysis of the fatty acid data clearly separated the allelopathic PI312777 and the non-allelopathic Liaojing-9 variety (PC1 = 46.4%, PC2 = 20.3%). Similarly, the first principal component (PC1 = 37.4%) together with the second principal component (PC2 = 17.3%) explained 54.7% of the variation between the allelopathic and non-allelopathic root exudates. Furthermore, the canonical correlation between allelopathic root exudates and the flavone O-glycoside was statistically significant (Canonical R = 0.889, χ² (25) = 69.72, p = 0.0041). Although the data generated in this study were not completely consistent between culturable microbes and PLFA profile, it is a fact that variation in soil microbial populations and community structures could be distinguished by the allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice varieties tested. Our results suggest that individual components of rice root exudates, such as allelochemicals from allelopathic rice, can modify the soil microbial community.     

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST FIRE IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

GENERALCoNDlTloNABoUTCLI-MATECHANGEINHElLoNGJIANGPRoVINCEDtlrlngthepasscdll)()}ears(l88l-l`)8(j)ors().tllctcndenc}'ofmcanairtc111pcraturcincrcasct\ithfluctuationcl11ergcdin\ariousrcglonsofHcllonViangproxincc.Airtcmpcra-turcinl98()s-rcachcdtl1emaxil11un1uithinthcpasscdll)()y'cars.Thisphcl1ol11enonaccordcd``iththctcndenc}'ofglobalclil11ate\"ar1ni11g.Thel11eanairtc111peralurcil1tl1creccl1tl()}car(l()8()-l()8`))incrcascdb}l).6"Cascom-pal-cd\`ltl1tl1atll1tl1clbrl11er3())'carsacc…     

竹屑栽培香菇研究现状与对策

为提高竹材的经济效益,充分利用竹制品加工的下脚料竹屑,通过文献研究分析了竹屑作培养料栽培香菇的研究现状。研究认为：我国以竹代木栽培香菇时间短,研究文献少;在栽培试验中存在竹屑颗粒大小不匀、竹屑中酚醛类物质处理方法存在争议、培养料中的碳含量较低等直接影响香菇出菇率和整体产量的问题。为此,文章建议应加大相关研究力度,解决试验中出现的关键技术问题,同时加快推广现有研究成果的应用,尽早普及以竹代木栽培香菇技术。     

山东省濒危药用鸟类分布与保护

山东省共有濒危药用鸟类25种;科学研究及临床证实,药用鸟类具有较高的药用价值;阐述了山东省药用鸟类资源分布和利用现状,并提出一些保护和合理开发的建议。     

园林文化的本土性和国际性探讨

通过设计案例的分析,探索在改革开放的今天,如何处理和打造园林文化的国际性问题,为开放性城市景观或大型合资企业园林景观设计提供借鉴。     

中国古典诗词与中国园林分析

鉴于当前园林设计欧陆风格盛行,而忽视本土园林文化特色,空于形式,没有文化,通过对中国古典园林内涵的分析,强调中国园林的特色,唤起对中国园林的重视。     

甘蓝型油菜oleosin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

以油菜(Brassica napus)基因组DNA为模板,通过设计一对特异性引物,利用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)扩增获得oleosin基因片段。将其克隆到E.coli质粒上进行序列分析。结果表明,该基因由878个碱基组成,含一个内含子,编码193个氨基酸。不计附加的18bp凝血酶切割序列,与已报道的序列相比较,核苷酸序列及推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为79.20%和91.21%。推测的氨基酸序列构成的蛋白质具有oleosin的基本结构特点,包含3个结构区域:两性N末端区(anamphipathicN-terminalre鄄gion),中心疏水区(acentralhydrophobicdomain),两性C-末端区(anamphipathicC-terminaldomain)。