血吸虫疫苗研究现状和发展方向

血吸虫疫苗的研究工作已经进行了很长一段时间,发现了一批有价值的候选疫苗分子。同时通过改进和优化免疫途径,血吸虫疫苗的免疫保护力正在逐步提高。随着研究的日益深入,对血吸虫疫苗的免疫机制等了解更加透彻,距离研制出能诱导高的、稳定的免疫保护力的疫苗分子的目标将越来越近。     

Evolution Analysis About Soybean MIR166 Family

MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of important regulating non-coding small molecular RNA. The gma-MIR166 gene family consists of 21 members and their expression patterns diversify widely. It is important to analyze the evolution of gma-MIR166 gene family in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of miRNAs in soybean. In this study, we implemented soybean wide genome block analysis, the molecular phylogeny of gma-MIR166 and block analysis of gma-MIR166 family. The results showed that both chromosome big segmental duplications and tandem duplications were main reasons contributed to the expanding of gmaMIR166 gene family. These findings suggested that gma-MIR166 gene family might originate from one or two ancient miRNA genes. The results of research provided a support for evolutionary study of miRNAs in soybean and related species in Fabaceae.     

Whole-plant Corn Silage Quality Treated with Mixed Acids and its Effect on Sheep Growth Performance

In order to explore different concentrations of mixed acids in improving quality of whole-plant corn silage and their effects on growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.4 levels of 45% formic acid,45% propionic acid and 10% sodium propionate were mixed,and 0(control),0.3%,0.6% and 1% were added to 4 groups of ripening period whole-plant corn.The results showed that compared with control group,the experimental groups could significantly decrease the proportion of AA/PA in silage (P<0.05);0.3% and 0.6% groups had the better effects.Based on the result of CNCPS,0.6% group significantly improved the PB₃ component (P<0.05),reduced the CC component (P>0.05),and improved the quality of silage.Compared with control group,the experimental groups effectively inhibited the mold and yeast reproduction,improved the aerobic stability of silage.The feeding trial results showed that ADG and F/G of sheep in experimental groups were better than control group,and F/G of both 0.6% and 1% groups were significantly better than that in control group (P<0.05).In conclusion,treatment of mixed acids could improve the quality of whole-plant corn silage,and silage treated with 0.6% levels of mixed acids could significantly improve the growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.     

黑龙江省东南部林区6种啮齿动物食性分析

为了准确掌握黑龙江省东南部地区对农林危害比较严重的啮齿动物的食性及食物量,以便更好地、有针对性地灭鼠,从而为林业部门预防鼠害提供科学依据,于2010年3月—2011年1月通过实地考察,对捕获的鼠进行解剖,并结合实验室喂养进行食物量测定。结果表明,种子和浆果是树栖型种类啮齿动物的主要食物,约占70%左右;而地栖型种类啮齿动物的食物存在明显的季节性和地域性差异。     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

参与式社区管理技术在湖北省自然保护区管理中的应用——以湖北后河国家级自然保护区为例

参与式社区管理是一种全新的自然保护区管理模式,是目前国际上较先进的自然保护区社区管理技术。本文以湖北后河国家级自然保护区为例,应用参与式社区管理技术,选择了后河自然村和水滩头自然村等综合示范村和能源示范村,组建了社区共管县级领导小组和综合示范村的村级共管委员会等社区共管协调机构,编制综合示范村的社区资源管理计划,建立和使用社区保护基金,开展社区共管和社区保护教育活动,监测与评估等,增强了社区居民的生物多样性保护意识,提高了社区居民的生产生活水平,初步实现了生物多样性保护与社区发展的共赢局面,并为湖北省自然保护区的社区发展提供了新的管理模式。     

水禽消化生理的研究进展

本文从食糜排空、消化道pH、消化酶以及微生物区系方面对水禽消化生理进行了阐述,并总结出水禽消化生理特性。     

一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的设计

介绍一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的结构和工作原理,并阐述了控制系统的特点。实验表明,它能在燃气使用前进行检测及自动报警、发生火灾或温度过高时自动关闭燃气开关、用户忘记关闭总闸时定时自动关闭总阀,该装置具有反应灵敏、制动迅速的特点,能够从根本上检测预防燃气的泄漏问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

过表达桑树色氨酸脱羧酶基因(MnTDC)转基因烟草提高其耐盐性

褪黑素在植物生长、发育、生物与非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用.色氨酸脱羧酶(tryptophan decarboxylase,TDC)是褪黑素生物合成中第一个重要的酶.本研究克隆川桑TDC基因,并将其转入烟草中过表达,探讨MnTDC在盐胁迫下的作用机制.结果 表明,成功构建过表达载体pLGNL-MnTDC,并经过农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得3个独立转基因系.GUS染色、基因组PCR鉴定证明MnTDC成功转化到烟草株系中.qRT-PCR结果表明MnTDC在3个转基因烟草株系中的转录水平显著高于野生型(WT).UPLC-MS/MS结果表明转基因株系显著提高了褪黑素的生物合成量.盐胁迫下,Mn TDC过表达烟草与野生株系烟草相比,耐盐性显著增强.转基因烟草株系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生株系烟草,脯氨酸(Pro)等调节渗透压物质的含量和ERD10C等调节渗透压的基因表达量显著高于野生株系烟草,转基因株系中丙二醛(MDA)含量比野生株系烟草低.研究结果表明,MnTDC通过调节烟草细胞中褪黑素的含量进而影响了烟草植株整体的耐盐性.本研究初步揭示了MnTDC基因的抗逆功能,为桑树耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考.