饲粮铜源及水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、铜代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铜源及水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、铜代谢的影响。采用3×3+1双因素试验设计,设3种铜源(硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜、蛋氨酸铜)和3个铜添加水平(10、25、40 mg/kg),1个对照组。选择60日龄健康、体重接近的美国短毛黑雄性水貂120只,随机分成10组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只貂。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)水貂的平均日采食量随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),并且平均日增重随饲粮铜添加水平的增加也呈线性增加(P=0.053)。2)水貂的粗脂肪表观消化率随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),并且粗蛋白质表观消化率随饲粮铜添加水平的增加也呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。3)水貂铜摄入量、粪铜排泄量、尿铜排泄量以及铜沉积量均随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),然而铜的表观吸收率却随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性降低(P0.01)。水貂对碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜的表观吸收率极显著高于对硫酸铜的表观吸收率(P0.01)。水貂氮沉积量随饲粮铜添加水平的增加而呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。由此可见,基础饲粮中铜含量为8.05 mg/kg时,饲粮添加40 mg/kg的铜能改善育成期雄性水貂生长性能,提高水貂粗脂肪表观消化率;育成期雄性水貂对碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜的表观吸收率高于对硫酸铜的表观吸收率。     

三相异步电动机的软起动器的设计

三相异步电动机直接起动会对电网造成很大的冲击,而且大电流还会造成较大的线路压降,从而影响接在同一电网上的其它电气设备正常工作,所以本文针对大型异步电动机的软启动器进行了设计.本软起动装置将三相同步信号采集装置、电压和电流检测装置、晶闸管相位控制器、电动机的保护装置及光纤隔离装置集于一身,使大型异步电动机起动时间控制在了1min左右,缩短了对电网影响的时间,并减小了对电网的冲击;并且本软启动装置可以根据实际起动要求改变启动装置的参数,使启动状态达到最优.     

鸭坦布苏病毒和产蛋下降综合征病毒二重PCR检测方法的建立

参考Gen Bank上已发表的鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)NS5基因序列和产蛋下降综合征病毒(EDSV)五邻体(penton)基因序列,分别设计了检测DTMUV和EDSV的特异性引物,扩增目的片段大小分别为242 bp和181 bp。通过退火温度及引物浓度的优化,建立了针对这两种病毒的二重PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,该方法可以同时检测DTMUV和EDSV,且不与鸭肝炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒、番鸭呼肠孤病毒、小鹅瘟病毒、番鸭细小病毒、H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒以及大肠杆菌的核酸发生交叉反应;敏感性试验表明,该方法对DTMUV的最低检出限为590个拷贝,对EDSV的最低检出限为3 260个拷贝;该方法重复性良好,对不同批次的样品扩增效果良好。通过检测两种病毒感染的阳性病料各10份,结果显示,该二重PCR检测方法对阳性样品的检出率可达100%。这表明该方法可以用于鸭坦布苏病毒和产蛋下降综合征病毒的检测。     

植物文化性及其在园林景观中表达的研究

随着人类文明的不断进步,人类社会的不断发展,文化的地位越发显得举足轻重。形成了许多独特的文化体系。如茶文化、企业文化等等名词渐渐为人们所熟悉。于是,越来越多的人在越来越多的领域开始关注文化,研究文化。文化也变得流行起来,并且渗透到了园林景观的领域。植物是园林景观的重要组成部分,植物配置的水平在一定程度上决定了园林景观设计的优劣程度。在景观建设不断发展的今天,植物的文化性作为考察植物配置水平的重要因素,越来越引起景观工作者的重视。在不同的园林景观环境中,合理的利用植物文化性能够体现整体环境的文化氛围。让人们在自然环境中品味文化,达到提升审美情趣,感悟世界观、人生观和了解人文历史的目的。目前,对于植物文化性的概念还没有统一的定义。本篇论文目的在于对植物文化性的概念进行定义,并且在此基础上,创新性的提出植物文化性的分类和评价依据。最后,引入在不同地域环境中,植物文化性的实例分析,对植物文化性展开讨论。旨在使读者系统的了解植物的文化性,弘扬民族文化,使园林工作者在植物配植造景中更好的运用植物的文化性。     

用酶法制备藏羊血食用蛋白粉的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,对藏羊血制备食用蛋白的工艺进行了分析。经分析食用蛋白粉水解最佳条件为：酶解用酶量4.5g,酶解温度为46℃,酶解时间为7.5h,酶解的pH值为10.5,活性炭作用于水解液时由室温升至80℃所需最佳时间为6～8min。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

Ultrastructure of stridulating organ of Xylotrechus rusticus L. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and behavioral responses to alarm sounds

We used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We compared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in females and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X. rusticus was recorded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound of X. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.     

白酒糟饲料化开发利用及其对贵州石漠化地区的启示

根据国家石漠化综合治理草地畜牧业工程的需要,应用营养学、饲料学等学科理论,本文对贵州喀斯特石漠化地区白酒糟资源的利用价值进行了综合评价,包括其营养价值、饲用价值、生态价值和经济价值。同时针对白酒糟饲料化开发利用过程中存在的加工技术滞后、理论研究不足、地域条件限制等问题进行了分析,提出了运用青贮法和微生物发酵等关键技术、强化基础理论研究、构建饲料加工中心等相应解决对策,并指出大力发展以白酒糟为原料的非常规饲料加工业是喀斯特石漠化地区发展生态畜牧业的重要举措,也是巩固石漠化治理成果的有效办法。