去皮豆粕在畜牧生产中的应用

去皮豆粕是经先去皮、后浸出工艺生产出的不带豆皮的豆粕,是国内市场上一种蛋白质饲料原料。本文着重介绍去皮豆粕的营养价值、质量标准及其在畜牧生产中的应用。     

利用绒山羊和萨能山羊做受体进行波尔山羊胚胎移植的对比试验

通过利用不同品种的本地山羊——萨能山羊和绒山羊做受体，进行波尔山羊胚胎移植的对比试验，绒山羊的同期发情率、发情受体可利用率、受胎率、有效胚胎利用率、羔羊出生重较高，萨能山羊的顺产率要好于绒山羊，且奶水充足。试验证明绒山羊是波尔山羊胚胎移植的理想受体，但需加强羔羊产后护理。     

夏季奶牛饲喂棉籽对缓解热应激的试验效果

热应激是导致奶牛夏季产奶性能、繁殖性能和免疫能力下降的最主要原因之一。为缓解夏季奶牛热应激．必须对奶牛的日粮营养进行调控，加喂高能量、高蛋白饲料。棉籽含有高脂肪、高蛋白，并且棉籽壳保护脂肪和蛋白质，起到过瘤胃的作用。为准确掌握奶牛夏季饲喂棉籽对缓解热应激的效果．笔者于2004年夏季在我场进行了利用棉籽饲喂泌乳奶牛的对比试验．结果如下。     

绵羊中草药饲料添加剂预试初报

为了帮助我国北方旱区或半干旱区绵羊度过草枯严寒的漫长冬、春季，开发研制一种能够提高现有草料利用率的绵羊中草药饲料添加剂。根据中兽医药学的辨证施治理论，采用小鼠日粮添加倍量秸秆粉和不同中草药复方的方法，在120只小鼠上进行了增重率和重料比的中草药复方的筛选研究。结果表明，以益气养血和消食健胃为主的两个中草药复方能够较好地改善小鼠的增重率和重料比。     

绵羊DUSP6基因多态性及其与产羔数关联分析

文章旨在探究绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T、g.125589006G>A四个位点多态性及其与产羔数之间的关系,以期找到与绵羊高繁殖力相关的分子标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY誖SNP技术对多羔绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、湖羊、策勒黑羊)和单羔绵羊品种(滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊、草原型藏羊)DUSP6基因上述4个多态位点进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:绵羊g.125589716G>A位点在多羔绵羊品种中存在AA、GA、GG三种基因型,在单羔绵羊品种中存在GA、GG两种基因型;g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点在单、多羔绵羊品种中均存在CC、CT、TT三种基因型;g.125589006G>A位点在单、多羔绵羊群体中均只存在GA、GG两种基因型。绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A位点基因型频率在单、多羔绵羊品种之间差异显著(P<0.05),等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异极显著(P<0.01);g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);g.125589006G>A位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。关联分析表明,DUSP6基因各SNPs多态性与小尾寒羊不同胎次产羔数之间无显著关联(P>0.05)。综上说明,绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T以及g.125589006G>A等4个位点的多态性与小尾寒羊各胎次产羔数之间均无显著关联(P>0.05),不适用于小尾寒羊多羔性状选育。     

对碘量法测定日粮、肠道食糜及排泄物中半胱胺盐酸盐含量的改进研究

试验旨在探讨碘量法测定日粮、食糜及排泄物中半胱胺盐酸盐(cysteamine hydrochloride,CSH)含量的改进方法,为评估包膜CSH在动物胃肠道内释放过程中CSH的定量提供参考。试验分3部分:试验一:检验包膜CSH的上样量对碘标准液消耗量的线性关系,以确定碘量法检验包膜产品的准确度,采用单因素完全随机设计,CSH的上样量设6个水平,分别为28.28、113.12、226.24、339.36、452.48和565.61mg;试验二:考察H2SO4预处理对消除日粮、食糜和排泄物对碘量法测定CSH含量的影响,采用单因素完全随机设计,日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物样品中CSH(试剂级)的含量均设3个水平,即30、100和300mg/2g,形成15个含有CSH的样品,H2SO4溶液(6mol/L)设3个水平,即0.1、0.5和1mL,每个处理设3个重复;试验三:考察传统碘量法与试验二建立的改进方法在测定日粮、食糜及排泄物中包膜CSH含量的差异,采用两样本试验设计,日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物中CSH的含量均设28.73、84.84、141.47和200.56mg/2g。结果表明:①CSH的上样量对碘标准液消耗量及CSH测定值均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.01,R2=0.9999)。②在含有CSH的日粮中,H2SO4溶液处理后由碘量法测定的CSH质量对实际质量的回归均符合Y=X(P>0.05)。在含有CSH的十二指肠食糜和回肠食糜中,所有H2SO4溶液处理下CSH质量对实际质量的回归均不符合Y=X(P<0.05),但0.5和1.0mL比0.1mL H2SO4溶液处理使测定值更接近实际值。在含有CSH的空肠食糜及排泄物中,0.5和1.0mL H2SO4溶液处理使测定值对实际值的回归符合Y=X(P>0.05),而0.1mL H2SO4溶液处理下CSH测定值显著低于实际值(P<0.01)。③在含有CSH的日粮、十二指肠食糜、空肠食糜、回肠食糜及排泄物样品中,常规方法测定的CSH对实际质量均偏离Y=X(P<0.05),而1.0mL H2SO4溶液处理后的测值对实际质量均符合Y=X(P>0.05)。由此可见,采用适量H2SO4溶液进行处理后,可以排除日粮、食糜及排泄物对CSH测定的干扰。     

一例山羊胰阔盘吸虫病的诊治

胰阔盘吸虫病主要由胰阔盘吸虫寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的胰脏及胰管内,引起机体的胰腺坏死或胰管阻塞的一类疾病。动物感染此病后,主要表现出消瘦、贫血、水肿及消化功能障碍等一系列临床症状。在本次诊治过程中,通过临床症状与病理剖解相结合的方式确定该病病原为胰阔盘吸虫。我们采用吡喹酮+氯氰碘柳胺+安乃近+林可霉素等四种药物对羊群进行驱虫,该养殖场的病情得到基本控制。     

Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of active compounds from Semen pharbitidis against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The present study was undertaken to isolate the active compounds responsible for the anthelmintic activity of methanol extract of Semen pharbitidis against Dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The active methanol extract was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography in a bioassay-guided fractionation, eventually yielding two bioactive compounds: palmitic acid and pharnilatin A by comparing spectral data (NMR and ESI-MS) with literature values. According to in vivo anthelmintic assays, they were found to be 50% effective at the concentrations (EC(50)) of 5.3 and 1.4 mg L(-1), respectively. The promising palmitic acid and pharnilatin A from S. pharbitidis were also subjected to acute toxicity tests for the evaluation of their safety to the host (goldfish). After 48h exposure, the mortalities of goldfish were recorded, and the established LC(50) values were 2.45- and 5.29-fold higher than the corresponding EC(50), demonstrating that pharnilatins A may have better application potential than palmitic acid. The present results provide evidence that pharnilatins A might be potential source of new anti-parasitic drug for the control of Dactylogyrus.     

Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in pigs in Chongqing, China

From 2007 to 2009, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was investigated in intensive and extensive pig farms in Chongqing, China. A total of 2971 samples from both sexes and five age categories (breeding boars, breeding sows, fatteners, growers and weaners) were evaluated by standard methods for the presence of helminth ova and protozoan oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites. Of the 2971 pigs sampled, 362(12.18%) were infected with Ascaris suum, 301(10.13%) with Trichuris suis, 301(10.13%) with Oesophagostomum spp., 491(16.53%) with Eimeria spp., 149(5.02%) with Isopora suis, 677(22.79%) with Balantidium coli and 196(6.60%) with Cryptosporidium spp. Growers had the highest infection rate while breeding boars had the lowest among the five age categories. B. coli was the most common protozoan in all pig age groups. Pigs infected with multiple parasites were common. Risk factors such as management methods, seasons, ages, etc. can influence the infection rate to a certain degree. This investigation provides relevant data about risk factors for pig farmers, thus allowing them to make more appropriate antiparasitic treatments according to farm conditions and local climate in Chongqing.