中国野牦牛遗传资源的保存与利用

野牦牛是青藏高原珍贵的野生畜种资源。本文从野牦牛的分布、类型、种群数量以及主要地理分区等方面分析了中国野牦牛遗传资源现状,同时讨论了野牦牛的生物学特性和经济价值,并提出了保存和利用野牦牛遗传资源的措施,对促进高寒牧区生态效益和社会效益有着重要的意义。     

浅析蜂王浆的激素效应

通过对蜂王浆中性激素含量测定,并与一般动物性食品比较,证明其安全性。流行病学调查结果表明,蜂王浆与乳腺癌没有相关性。日本和中国学者研究发现蜂王浆中的有机酸具有活化雌激素受体,促进雌幼小鼠子宫及卵巢发育,并能增强雄性大鼠的交配功能。提示蜂王浆的性激素样作用,不仅仅是其中痕量性激素的生物活性,而是蜂王浆多种活性成分的综合效应。从现有国内外文献资料、检测报告和研究成果,探讨影响蜂王浆性激素样作用的物质及其生物学效应,蜂王浆与激素替代疗法的区别,以及蜂王浆是否有不适宜人群等方面的问题,为基础研究及推广应用提供参考意见。     

松针褐斑病毒素诱发紫茎泽兰电解质渗漏对几种真菌的影响

松针褐斑病菌毒素是一种非寄主专化性毒素,能够伤害紫茎泽兰叶片,引起细胞电解质渗漏。电导率测定结果表明,毒素粗提液对紫茎泽兰的伤害活性最强,LA-I次之,LA-II最弱。孢子萌发试验和菌丝生长试验显示,紫茎泽兰电解质对青霉菌、木霉菌、尖孢镰刀菌、链格孢菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长都有不同程度的抑制作用,但是对泽兰尾孢菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长有促进作用。毒素粗提液对供试真菌的的孢子萌发和菌丝生长没有明显的抑制作用和促进作用。分析认为将松针褐斑病菌毒素与泽兰尾孢菌混和将可能提高对紫茎泽兰的除草效果。     

新兴猪干扰素-β基因的分子克隆与序列测定

根据NCBI GenBank 上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列(S41178),设计一对引物,直接从猪肝脏提取基因组DNA,经PCR 扩增及扩增产物的克隆、测序,获得了新兴本地猪干扰素β全基因片段,其大小为561 bp,与NCBI GenBank上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列完全一致,为进一步研究和开发猪基因工程干扰素制剂奠定了基础。     

卵黄免疫球蛋白及其应用研究进展

卵黄免疫球蛋白IgY与哺乳动物IgG相比具有许多突出的优点,现已成为当今生物科学研究的热点.随着研究的深入,其应用也越来越广泛.本文介绍了卵黄抗体的结构与性质、制备方法及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展.     

甲状腺激素对乌骨鸡蛋白质沉积影响的研究

选用640只雪峰鸟骨鸡,分别饲喂添加不同水平（0．1,0．3,0．5mg／kg）的甲状腺激素（T3）;5～8周龄分成2个组,一组停止添加T,,另一组继续添加T3,以研究甲状腺激素（T3）对雪峰乌鸡蛋白质沉积是否具有后续作用。结果表明：（1）甲状腺激素在2周龄以前可显著（P〈0．01）提高鸟骨鸡的蛋白质沉积;适合量为0．1mg／kg;（2）在乌骨鸡后期日粮中继续添加T3,则乌骨鸡的生长和蛋白质沉积被抑制;后期日粮中停止添加T3后,T3对乌骨鸡蛋白质沉积的抑制作用被解除,生长得到恢复。     

杜仲叶影响绵羊血清代谢组学的研究

为探索杜仲叶（Eucommia ulmoides leaves,EUL）对绵羊营养代谢和生理功能的影响,本研究选取25~30 kg、70~80日龄的湖羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组（无杜仲叶日粮组,CTL）、低剂量添加组（10%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL1）、高剂量添加组（20%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL2）。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束时,通过静脉采血,离心后分别取血浆和血清,血浆用于生化分析,血清用于代谢组学分析。结果显示,饲喂杜仲叶后,EUL1和EUL2组绵羊血浆中葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升高,EUL2组与CTL组差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）,EUL1组与CTL组差异不显著（P>0.05）;EUL1和EUL2组尿素较CTL组极显著降低（P<0.01）,总胆固醇水平显著降低（P<0.05）,EUL1和EUL2组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清样品采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）进行检测,在正模式下得到593个代谢物,在负模式下得到1 570个代谢物。通过主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）发现,各试验组间的差异代谢物较多,能将其得分图明显区分。进一步对变量重要性因子大于1.0（VIP>1.0）的代谢物进行t检验后发现,各组之间有24种特征代谢物差异显著（P<0.05）。这些差异代谢物涉及体内葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的代谢,有的代谢物还与动物的免疫机能相关。杜仲叶饲料对绵羊的营养代谢、生理状态和免疫状况可产生明显的影响,代谢组学可有针对性地分析代谢物发生的步骤及生理作用,为阐明杜仲叶影响营养代谢的机制提供参考。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

Apparent zinc absorption and zinc status of weanling rats fed moderately zinc‐deficient diets enriched with beef tallow or sunflower oil

The aim of the study was to compare apparent Zn absorption and Zn status of weanling rats fed diets that differed in Zn level, fat level and fat source. Semi‐synthetic diets, which were about isoenergetic and contained 3% soyabean oil, were supplemented with 7 or 100 mg Zn/kg to create a mild Zn deficiency (LZ) or a high Zn supply (HZ) and with 0 (LF), 22% beef tallow (BT) or 22% sunflower oil (SF) according to a 2 × 3 factorial design of treatments. They were fed ad libitum to 6 × 8 rats for 28 days. Energy intake and growth rates were comparable among the HZ groups. Weight gains in the LZ‐LF, LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups averaged 5.54, 4.95 and 4.15 g/day, and apparent Zn absorption averaged 79.4, 60.3 and 48.0 μg Zn/day, respectively, whereas faecal Zn excretion was comparable among these groups. Apparent Zn absorption, and plasma and femur Zn concentrations were lower in the high‐fat groups than in the LF group, possibly due to the high cellulose content of the BT and SF diets. Plasma Zn concentrations were higher in the animals fed the BT‐based than in the SF‐based diets, whereas femur and soft tissue Zn concentrations were comparable among these groups. The differences between the LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups in growth rate, Zn absorption rate and Zn status were confirmed in a second experiment. The results indicate that moderately Zn‐deficient diets enriched with SF in relation to BT affect Zn metabolism of weanling rats by a yet unknown mechanism.