The influence of three different farming systems on organic matter in the soils

Organic matter is one of the major factors influencing the productivity of the soil and the quality of food and fodder plants grown in the soil. It contributes to nutrient availability through decomposition and by acting as a chelating agent. The cation exchange capacity of a soil is dependent largely on the organic matter and it assists in the development of a good soil structure.Although many data are available from field trials very little is known of the influence of farming systems on organic matter. In this paper data are presented on the organic matter found in the fields of an experimental farm at the end of a thirty year period during which time three distinct sub-farms had followed three different farming systems. The crop rotations and fertiliser treatments for the different sections are detailed.The organic matter of the fields in rotation in the stockbearing sections were significantly higher than that of the stockless section (P<0.1) and there was some indication of a difference between the mean value for the permanent pasture in the two stockbearing sections (5.0

Zusammenfassung Organische Substanz ist eine der Hauptfaktoren, die die Produktivität der Böden und die Qualität der auf den Böden wachsenden Nahrungs- und Futterpflanzen beeinflußen. Durch Zersetzung und durch Funktion als Chelat-Agens trägt organische Substanz zur Verfügbarkeit der Nährstoffe bei. Die Austauschkapazität für Kationen eines Bodens hängt weitgehend von der organischen Substanz ab, außerdem trägt sie zur Bildung einer guten Bodenstruktur bei.Obwohl über Feldversuche sehr viele Angaben vorliegen, ist über den Einfluß des Bewirtschaftungssystems auf die organische Substanz im Boden sehr wenig bekannt. In dieser Arbeit werden Ergebnisse veröffentlicht über den Gehalt an organischer Substanz auf den Feldern einer Versuchsfarm am Ende einer 30jährigen Periode, während der drei getrennte Zweigbetriebe drei verschiedene Bewirtschaftungssysteme durchführten. Fruchtwechsel und Düngungsmaßnahmen auf den verschiedenen Feldschlägen werden aufgeführt.Diejenigen Felder, die im Laufe des Fruchtswechsels auch als Viehweiden genutzt wurden, wiesen einen höheren Gehalt an organischer Substanz (p<0,1) auf, als die Felder anderweitiger Nutzung. Es gibt Anzeichen dafür, daß zwischen den Mittelwerten der Dauerweiden auf den beiden Sektionen mit Viehhaltung Unterschiede bestehen (5,0     

亚洲地区饲料和养猪业霉菌毒素危害的真实情况

霉菌毒素是动物饲料中的有害成分,通常导致动物的生产性能下降,免疫机能抑制,使动物患病,进而通过动物的肉、奶、内脏进入食品链中,危害人的健康.对这些易受环境和气候影响的天然毒素进行常规检查和实时监控是非常有必要的.这将有助于饲料生产企业做好控制动物体内霉菌毒素潜在问题的准备.     

Use of laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy for removal of urinary calculi in dogs

Urinary calculi were removed by means of laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy in 3 dogs. Two small abdominal incisions were made--1 for a laparoscope and 1 for placement of a Babcock forceps to aid in grasping and lifting the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall. A cystoscope and instruments for calculi removal were passed through a small cystotomy. Biopsy of the urinary bladder or other abdominal organs could also be performed by use of this technique. Laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy was minimally invasive and provided clear images of the mucosal surface of the urinary bladder and proximal portion of the urethra for easy retrieval of urinary calculi. An imaging procedure should be performed to ensure complete removal of calculi.     

Feline hypertension: clinical findings and response to antihypertensive treatment in 30 cases

Systolic hypertension was diagnosed in 30 cats. At diagnosis, 16 of those were found to be in chronic renal failure only, while five were azotaemic and either receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism (four cases) or were untreated hyperthyroid cases (one case). Two cases were untreated hyperthyroid cases with no evidence of azotaemia and the remaining seven cases had no definitive diagnosis of the underlying cause of their hypertension. The successful treatment used for the majority of cases was amlodipine, which lowered systolic blood pressure from 202.5+/-16.8 to 153.2+/-21.6 mmHg (mean+/-SD; n=29) within the first 50 days. Each case was followed for at least three months, or to the end of its natural life, and each cat was re-examined every six to eight weeks. Systolic blood pressure was kept below a target value of 165 mmHg in 58 per cent of cases treated for three months or longer. At the time of writing, 19 of the cases had died or been euthanased with a median treatment time of 203 days, one case was lost to follow-up and 10 cases were still alive, nine of which had been treated for six months or more. Amlodipine can be used for long-term control of feline systemic hypertension.     

Stress leak point pressures and urethral pressure profile tests in clinically normal female dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a stress leak point pressure (LPP) test for dogs, determine LPP for continent female dogs, and determine urethral pressure profile (UPP) values for nonanesthetized, continent female dogs. ANIMALS: 22 continent female dogs weighing from 21 to 29 kg. PROCEDURE: A standard UPP test and a modification of the LPP test used in women were performed on all dogs. On 3 occasions, dogs underwent UPP testing while awake. They then were anesthetized with propofol, and LPP was measured at bladder volumes of 75, 100, and 150 ml. For LPP tests, abdominal pressure was applied by inflating a human blood pressure cuff placed around the dog's abdomen. LPP were recorded through a urethral catheter (bladder LPP) and a rectal balloon catheter (abdominal LPP). RESULTS: Mean +/- SD and median maximal urethral closure pressure was 110.1+/-20.2 and 109.0 cm water, respectively. Mean bladder LPP for the 75, 100, and 150 ml bladder volumes was 172.4 cm water. Significant differences among LPP for the 3 bladder volumes were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: Stress LPP can be recorded in female dogs.