在玉米豆饼型蛋鸡日粮中使用酶可获益

在过去 2 0年 ,酶在家禽日粮中的使用显著增加。除植酸酶外 ,美国家禽日粮中很少使用酶 ,主要原因是美国使用的以玉米豆饼为主的典型日粮能被家禽很好地利用。不过几种酶产品已推出供蛋鸡日粮使用。玉米的营养价值有时比估计的要低 ,这也表现在不明原因引起蛋鸡生产性能的变异上。玉米淀粉消化率、赖氨酸消化率以及玉米代谢能都有可能发生变化而影响鸡的生产性能。豆饼质量也会变化。加工可减少豆饼中的抗营养因子如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、植物凝集素和果胶 ,但不影响β-甘露聚糖水平 ,高浓度β-甘露聚糖是抗营养的。酶是用来克服抗营养因子的 ,具…     

Sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin up-regulate thioredoxin reductase 1 expression in human MCF-7 cells

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables are potentially important anticarcinogenic phytochemicals for many types of cancers including breast cancer. In this study, we have shown that three isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin, are potent inducers of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin at 1 microM induce TrxR1 mRNA 2-3-fold within 8 h of treatment, and induce mRNA 5-7-fold with 12 microM ITC treatments. Selenium did not affect sulforaphane-induced TrxR1 mRNA levels, but significantly enhanced both TrxR1 protein expression (up to 9-fold in erucin treatment) and corresponding activities. These results suggest that dietary ITCs are important factors in the regulation of redox status through the induction of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase.     

Pregnancy-associated Glycoprotein Profile during the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Egyptian Buffalo Cows

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations were measured in buffalo cows starting from day 28 after breeding. Oestrus was synchronized in 10 buffaloes using two injections of 25 mg prostraglandin (PG)F_{2 α} (Lutalyse^®) at a 11-day interval. Blood sampling was conducted nearly twice weekly. Results indicated that plasma PAG concentrations in non-pregnant buffaloes were low (<0.20 ng/ml) during the whole experimental period (day 28 to 103), while in pregnant animals plasma PAG levels increased from day 28 (4.48 ± 0.92 ng/ml) until day 41 (27.27 ± 6.74 ng/ml), remaining high (20.71 ± 9.20 ng/ml) until day 103. Progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in pregnant (3.51–4.80 ng/ml) than in non-pregnant buffaloes (0.28–1.52 ng/ml). A significant difference (p < 0.0001) in plasma PAG concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant animals starting at day 28 after breeding suggests that PAG-radioimmunoassay could be suitable for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes during this period. In conclusion, PAG test offers the advantages that it requires a single plasma sample for early pregnancy diagnosis as well as the accuracy of the test for the detection of pregnancy as early as day 28.     

Induction of inflammatory host immune responses by organisms belonging to the genera Chlamydia/Chlamydophila

Chlamydia/Chlamydophila are a family of intracellular gram-negative bacteria that infect their hosts primarily via mucosal epithelia. Chronic disease associated with bacterial persistence, inflammation and tissue damage are common sequelae of infection with these organisms. Human epithelial cell lines respond to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and upregulating the expression of mRNA encoding Iκ-B, the endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB. However, Iκ-B is not upregulated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The failure of epithelial cells to respond to LPS is associated with the absence of surface expression of CD14. Identification of the components of Chlamydia/Chlamydophila that can induce pro-inflammatory mediators coupled with the mechanisms by which epithelial cells detect infection and respond accordingly will advance the development of preventative strategies.     

Free Microvascular Transplantation of the Trapezius Musculocutaneous Flap in Dogs

A musculocutaneous flap based on the prescapular branch of the superficial cervical artery and including the cervical part of the trapezius muscle and overlying skin was transplanted over a defect created on the medial side of the contralateral tibia in four dogs by using microvascular technique. The donor and recipient sites in three dogs were examined clinically for 21 days, after which they were examined angiographically and histologically. All dogs were free of lameness by hour 48. Seromas formed at the donor site between days 7 and 15. One vascular pedicle was traumatized at hour 40, and the dog was euthanatized. Three flaps survived with minimal necrosis. Edema of the flaps was severe from days 5 to 11. Angiograms showed complete perfusion of the flaps, and survival was confirmed histologically. Esthetic appearance and function were good in one dog at month 7.