玉米原茬地侧向清茬刀设计与试验

针对玉米原茬地免耕播种作业过程中残留玉米根茬和须根导致施肥播种部件堵塞、播种质量降低等问题,该文设计了一种玉米原茬地免耕播种用侧向清茬刀,分析了侧向清茬刀工作与结构参数对根茬清除率、土壤扰动率和功耗的影响。对侧向清茬刀清茬、输送、抛扔等作业过程进行分析,并依此对侧向清茬刀结构及正切刃工作曲线进行设计,确定了影响其作业性能的关键参数。应用三因素三水平正交试验和模糊综合评价方法,选取正切刃折弯角α、正切刃宽度B、清茬刀角速度ω为影响因素,根茬清除率、土壤扰动率、当量功耗为性能指标,对影响作业性能的侧向清茬刀结构和工作参数进行优化。结果表明:在作业速度7.2 km/h条件下,正切刃折弯角0.86 rad、正切刃宽度50 mm、清茬刀角速度52 rad/s时,根茬清除率为94.3%,土壤扰动率为54.3%,当量功耗为3.4 kW,工作过程中未出现堵塞与秸秆缠绕现象。研究结果可为玉米原茬地免耕播种作业提供参考。     

川北地形过渡带地形因子对土地利用与景观格局变化的影响

[目的]基于地形特征分析不同用地类型时空分布变化,不仅能解释土地利用时空变化规律,并能更进一步为优化土地利用结果,生态环境保护奠定基础。[方法]基于四川省北部江油市2003,2010,2018年3期遥感影像,运用土地利用转移矩阵法,分析不同用地类型之间的转化情况;接着利用地形位指数法、分布指数法,分析地形因子影响下不同用地类型分布指数变化特征;之后利用移动窗口法,探究景观格局中斑块密度与Shannon多样性指数时空变化规律;最后结合双变量空间相关性分析,分析地形因子与景观指数间的空间相关性特征。[结果](1)在2003—2010年期间,水田面积减少最多(减少面积2 238.98 hm~2),建设用地面积增加最多(面积增加3 360.36 hm~2);在2010—2018年期间,水田面积减少1 175.84 hm~2,建设用地面积增加1 614.78 hm~2;2003—2010年期间江油市土地利用的变化量整体高于2010—2018年。(2)北部山区主要由旱地转移为林草地,南部平原地区主要为水田转移为建设用地,中部丘陵区域旱地和水田相互转化强烈。(3)随时间变化,旱地和未利用地优势等级向中地形位等级靠拢;低地形位等级上建设用地、水田和水域优势度逐渐降低,并具有优势等级向较高地形位等级扩展趋势。(4)山区河流沿岸以及山地平原交汇处斑块密度与Shannon多样性指数较高,且呈线性分布;随时间变化,丘陵区域斑块密度增加,主城区附近Shannon多样性指数呈下降趋势。(5)高—高聚集区主要表现为向山地丘陵交汇处聚集;城区附近景观指数因受其他因素影响较多,导致该区域景观指数与地形位指数呈现出不显著相关性。[结论]在地形过渡带区域,不同地貌对于各类用地变化的影响在时空上存在差异性,其地形因子与景观指数的空间相关性差异明显。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacement with blended vegetable oils on growth,lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

A 120‐day trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of fish oil with a mixture of soybean and rapeseed oil (defined as D1–D5), and each treatment had 30 replicate crabs. Dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of the crabs, while the D3 had the highest hepatosomatic index and total lipids in hepatopancreas. The triglyceride and lipase activities in hepatopancreas increased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. The D4 had the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hepatopancreas, as well as the haemolymph ALP, ACP and peroxidase. The highest levels of haemolymph total antioxidant capacity, catalase and malondialdehyde were detected in D1. Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in hepatopancreas decreased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of P. trituberculatus, and 500g/kg of fish oil replacement could improve antioxidant capacity, but excessive replacement level will enhance lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the hepatopancreas.     

核桃伤流的研究进展

通过对核桃伤流发生规律的研究,掌握伤流发生的规律,分析影响核桃伤流的因素,包括品种、树龄、温度、土壤中水分含量等.通过对核桃休眠期伤流规律的研究为合理安排核桃修剪时期、嫁接时间,合理施肥提供了可靠的理论基础.     

浅谈林业“三防”体系建设

介绍了靖安县林业"三防"体系的建设及其重要意义,重点阐述了"三防"协会的作用和所取得的成效,即:变隔山观火为全力扑火,变被动造林为主动造林,变消极管山为积极护林,变向上要资金为协会自筹资金。     

泗水桃树生长期间的气象灾害分析与防御措施

泗水桃树生长发育历时萌芽期、开花期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期四个重要的物候期,经历春、夏、秋三个季节,期间也恰是各种气象灾害的频发期。根据泗水县1970～2010年气象资料,分析了不同气象要素对桃树各个生长期的影响,以及不同气象灾害对桃树危害。有针对性地提出了预防气象灾害的措施。     

对38名自然保护区周边村民野生动植物保护问题的调查报告

为了解四川省平武县水晶镇大坪村村民对野生动植物保护的活动现状,采取随机问卷调查形式。调查结果显示村民具有对野生动植物保护的常识,认识较好,有具体行动。需进一步加强野生动植物保护的宣传力度、改变宣传方式。