水稻幼苗期耐冷性选择对主要农艺性状的影响

利用籼粳稻杂交后代（密阳23/通88-7、密阳23/TR22183、密阳23/高产102）探讨了水稻幼苗期耐冷性选择对主要农艺性状的影响。从籼粳稻杂交后代F2和F3中选择的耐冷个体群或系统群与随机个体群或敏冷系统群间进行主要农艺性状的比较结果表明,在F2和F3水稻幼苗期耐冷性选择对秆长、穗长和穗数并不产生显著的影响,但选择获得的幼苗期耐冷性强的F2个体群的孕穗期耐冷性(结实率)、F3系统群的分蘖期耐冷性(赤枯度)和孕穗期耐冷性(结实率)均显著强于随机个体群和敏冷系统群;在冷水处理下F3幼苗期耐冷性强的耐冷系统群的产量显著高于敏冷系统群。提出在水稻幼苗期以叶赤枯度来选择幼苗期耐冷性强的个体是获得高产耐冷后代材料的有效途径。     

水稻孕穗期耐冷性QTLs分析

本研究以籼粳交“密阳23/吉冷1号”的F2∶3 代200个家系为作图群体,在韩国春川进行冷水胁迫下水稻耐冷性鉴定,并以利用SSR标记构建的分子连锁图谱为基础,对水稻孕穗期耐冷性及其相对耐冷性进行数量性状位点（QTLs）分析。研究结果,在第1、2、4、11和12染色体上检测到与孕穗期耐冷性相关的QTL各1个,对表型变异的解释率为5     

Differential Response of Grain Quality to Cold Water Irrigation in Cold Tolerant and Sensitive Lines of Rice

Three rice varieties and several F3 lines with high and low cold tolerance, selected from F3 segregation lines of two crosses Milyang 23/Tong 88-7 and Milyang 23/TR22183 were used to analyze the effects of cold tolerance on the response of grain quality to cold water irrigation. The result showed that cold water irrigation led to the decrease of rice grain size. The length, length-width ratio and weight of brown rice grain were more sensitively affected by cold water irrigation than the width and thickness. The shape of brown rice grain was not significantly affected by the selection for cold tolerance at the seedling stage (CTS). The gel consistency, amylose content, peak viscosity, cool viscosity, breakdown viscosity and consistency viscosity were decreased, while alkali digestibility value and protein content were increased by cold water irrigation. Under normal irrigation condition the physicochemical properties of milled rice and viscogram components of milled rice flour were not significantly different between lines with high and low cold tolerance. Under cold water irrigation the amylose content, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity of rice lines with high CTS or high cold tolerance at the booting stage (CTB) were higher, while the protein content, setback viscosity, breakdown ratio and setback ratio were lower, than those of rice lines with low cold tolerance. This implied that the cold water response of rice grain quality was less sensitive in the lines with high cold tolerance than in the lines with low cold tolerance, and the varietal improvement for cold tolerance would be important for grain quality improvement at the same time.     

Detection and isolation of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus circulated in Korea during 2002-2004

Although winter dysentery (WD) has been suspected to occur frequently in Korea, to date the exact epidemiology of WD has remained unknown. Therefore, we investigated the causative agents of WD by using electron microscopy, ELISA, RT-PCR, and nested PCR from 97 fecal samples of 32 WD-affected herds collected from 8 provinces during 2002-2004. The bovine coronavirus (BoCV) was consistently detected in all herds with WD. Of other pathogens, only coccidian oocyts were inconsistently but concurrently detected with BoCV. Ten isolates were identified as BoCV by immune electron microscope, immunofluorescent test and ELISA with antiserum to BoCV, and RT-PCR. From these results, it is concluded that WD caused by BoCV occurred in relatively high frequency and was widespread in Korea. The results provide important epidemiological data for the control and establishment of a surveillance system for WD in Korea.     

水稻耐冷性遗传及基因定位研究概况与展望

综述了水稻低温发芽力,幼苗期、孕穗期和开花期耐冷性等遗传研究概况和近年来在水稻耐冷性数量性状基因定位(QTLs)研究方面所取得的进展,并展望了今后的水稻耐冷性研究方向。     

冷水胁迫下水稻幼苗期根系性状的QTL分析

本研究以籼粳交“密阳23/吉冷1号”的F_2∶3 代200个家系作为作图群体，在自然和12℃冷水胁迫下，进行水稻幼苗期根系性状的鉴定，并以利用SSR标记构建的分子连锁图谱为基础，对水稻幼苗期的根数、最大的根长、最大根的根径、根干重、根/苗比等根系性状进行了数量性状位点（QTLs）分析。结果表明，上述根系性状在F₃代家系群均表现为连续分布，认为是由多基因所控制的数量性状。冷水胁迫下，在第1、2、6、11和12染色体上共检测到与根系性状相关的QTL 17个，对表型变异的解释率为5.8%～15.2%，其中与最大根的根径相关，位于第2染色体RM263-RM6区间的qCRD2和位于第11染色体RM21-RM206区间的qCRD11，以及与根干重相关，位于第2染色体RM262-RM263区间的qCRWT2和位于第11染色体RM229-RM21区间的qCRWT11贡献率较大，分别为15.0%、15.2%、10.6%和12.2%。这些基因的作用方式为部分显性或显性或超显性。     

水稻耐冷性对稻米品质冷水反应的影响

 利用从密阳 2 3/通 88 7和密阳 2 3/TR2 2 183杂交组合F3 代选拔获得的水稻耐冷性强的系统群和弱的系统群以及 3个亲本品种 ,探讨了冷水胁迫对稻米品质特性的影响以及水稻耐冷性对稻米品质冷水反应的影响。研究结果表明 ,冷水胁迫使水稻糙米粒形变小 ,其中糙米粒长度、长宽比和千粒重比宽度和厚度更容易受到冷水胁迫的负面影响。冷水胁迫使稻米碱消值和蛋白质含量增加 ,而使稻米胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、最高粘度、冷胶粘度和崩解值下降。在水稻幼苗期对耐冷性进行选择 ,对糙米粒形并不产生显著影响。在自然条件下耐冷性强的和弱的2个系统群间品质特性未见显著差异 ,但在冷水胁迫下幼苗期耐冷性强或田间耐冷性强的系统群直链淀粉含量、最高粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度显著高于幼苗期耐冷性弱或田间耐冷性弱的系统群 ,而蛋白质含量、消减值、崩解值和消减率则相反。认为耐冷性强的系统群的稻米品质比耐冷性弱的系统群表现出较迟钝的冷水反应 ,耐冷性对稻米品质的冷水反应产生一定影响。因此 ,提高水稻耐冷性对水稻品质的稳定和改善将产生积极的影响。     

粳稻米碱消值的数量性状基因座检测

利用碱消值差异显著的大粒粳稻DL115与小粒粳稻XL005杂交获得的200个单株F2群体为作图群体,采用复合区间作图方法,利用SSR标记进行了粳稻碱消值数量性状基因座的检测。结果表明,在F2群体中碱消值呈正态连续分布,表现为由多基因控制的数量性状。共检测到与碱消值相关的QTL3个,qADV3、qADV5和qADV11,分别位于第3、第5和第11染色体的RM14870～RM1284、RM3838～RM3351和RM1812～RM332区间,对表型变异的解释率分别为6.5%、10.3%和8.1%。qADV5的增效等位基因来自碱消值较小的亲本XL005,qADV3和qADV11的增效等位基因来自碱消值较大的亲本DL115;基因作用方式表现为显性或超显性。