秸秆饲料开发利用现状及前景

农作物秸秆在自然条件下是一种劣质饲料，主要有玉米秸、麦秸、稻草、豆秸、红薯藤、油菜秸、花生秧等。其特点是：粗蛋白含量低，而且品质不佳；粗纤维含量高，其中含有不易被家畜消化的木质素；无氮浸出物含量高，主要成分是半纤维素和聚糖醛酸；有些秸秆质地粗硬，适口性差，采食率极低。但是，对秸秆采用青贮、氨化、碱化、热压力加工、高强度冷压、微生物等方法进行处理后，即能分解木质素，降低粗纤维含量，提高营养价值，提高利用率、消化率、采食速度，增强适口性，增加采食量，达到减少资源浪费的目的。1 秸秆饲料开发利用现状目前…     

Acute infection of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus in Syrian hamsters.

One-month-old Syrian hamsters of the APA and Std: golden strains were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) PFU/head of the D variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and examined virologically and pathologically up to 7 days after inoculation. APA hamsters developed apparent hyperglycemia due to pancreatic islet cell damage while Std:golden hamsters did not. Hamsters of both strains showed clear histopathologic changes in the testis with prominent viral replication as well as in the brain, heart and exocrine pancreas. The susceptibility to EMC virus-infection was higher in males than in females and in APA than in Std: golden hamsters.     

Antibody directed against Marek's disease-associated tumor surface antigen can be eluted from Marek's disease tumor cells.

Antibody directed against Marek's disease-associated tumor surface antigen (MATSA) was eluted from tumor cells of lymphomas and peripheral blood lymphocytes that were isolated from Marek's disease virus-infected chickens. Feather follicular Marek's disease virus (MDV) antigen could not be demonstrated with this antibody by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining. Monoclonal antibody directed against MATSA could completely block the activity of eluted antibody and vice versa. By indirect IF staining using eluted antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled antichicken globulin conjugate. MATSA-bearing cells were detected in MDV infected and herpes virus of turkey (HVT) vaccinated birds. Blocking of immunoglobulin molecules present on B-cells by anti-chicken globulin is critical in this test.     

人工培育牛黄对小白鼠离体小肠运动的解痉作用

本文证明培育牛黄对乙酰胆硷与氯化钡所引起的小白鼠离体小肠痉挛有解痉作用。培育牛黄的成份中去氧胆酸具有较强的抗乙酰胆硷与氯化钡作用,其浓度与效应呈直线相关。其成分中的胆酸仅有较弱的抗乙酰胆硷作用,且浓度与效应不呈直线相关,也无抗氯化钡作用。     

Injection and sampling methods for drug residue study in calf muscle

Eight calves, weighing 50-150 kg, were given intramuscularly 5 ml of ampicillin (ABPC) aqueous suspensions (200 mg potency/ml) in their right and left gluteal and femoral regions. All calves were sacrificed one hour later to confirm the location of injected drug. The drug was found in a muscle layer when injected with a needle 15 mm long to the following positions, 1. the midpoint between the central position of the gluteal region (CG) and the tuber coxae (M-CTc), 2. the midpoint between CG and the tuber ossis ischii (M-CTo), 3. the central position of M. semimembranaceus in the femoral region (CF). Seven calves, weighing 130-150 kg, were given intramuscularly 5 ml of ABPC suspensions at M-CTo and CF and sacrificed one hour (4 calves) and 3 days (3 calves) later. ABPC diffused along the long axis of the muscle fibers but not to the radial direction. ABPC was detected only in the injected muscle layer even after 3 days indicating that the drug did not diffuse to the neighboring muscles. In the injected muscle layer, concentration of ABPC was remarkably different from part to part. From these results, sampling of the injected muscle for the drug residue study was proposed as follows: 1. isolate about 100 g of muscle just under the stick point marked on the skin considering the direction of drug diffusion, and 2. isolate separately about 200 g of the surrounding muscle to confirm if the sampling is appropriate.     

牛流行热病毒灭活疫苗免疫后牛外周血淋巴细胞亚类分布的研究

对牛流行热病毒灭活疫苗免疫并攻每后，牛外周血淋巴细胞亚类的变化进行了研究。结果表明，灭活苗免疫后，牛的CD4^ 显著升高，可能与参与辅助B淋巴细胞合成抗体有关，攻毒后，γδT细胞均显著上升，免疫组在攻毒后3周仍保持在相当的高水平，IL－2Rα阳性细胞在攻毒后高热期也有显著升高，而CD8^ 细胞没有明显变化。     

Cellular injury and lipid peroxidation induced by hexavalent chromium in isolated rat hepatocytes

In order to elucidate the relationship between cellular injury and lipid peroxidation induced by hexavalent chromium (CrVI), isolated rat hepatocytes treated with any one of scavengers of active oxygen species, antioxidants or antichromium agent were incubated with K2Cr2O7 as CrVI (1 mM Cr). After the incubation, the development of lipid peroxidation was determined as thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reacting materials in total lipid extracts from the incubated hepatocytes. Cellular injury was observed as a leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from hepatocytes into incubation medium. The contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) in hepatocytes were also assessed. Results obtained were as follows: (1) CrVI facilitated lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes after 20 min of incubation. On the other hand, the cellular injury induced by CrVI was barely observed even after 60 min of incubation. (2) The CrVI-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited by catalase and mannitol as scavengers of active oxygen species, or N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and alpha-tocopherol as antioxidants. However the cytotoxicity of CrVI could not be prevented by these chemicals. (3) CrVI depleted the contents of intracellular GSH and diminished the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) except glutathione peroxidase. (4) The scavengers of active oxygen species and the antioxidants could not prevent the depletion of intracellular GSH induced by CrVI. (6) Ascorbic acid, antichromium agent, prevented all of the lipid peroxidation, the cellular injury and intracellular GSH depletion induced by CrVI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

以CP23重组蛋白为抗原建立检测微小隐孢子虫抗体间接ELISA方法的研究

摘要：以在E.coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CP23为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E.coli表达的CP23抗原包被酶标板，用10％免血清进行封闭，以正常E.coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。实验表明应用CP23重组蛋白作为诊断C.parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

Distribution of Cytochrome P450-side Chain Cleavage in the Theca Interna Layers of Bovine Small Antral and Cystic Follicles

Cystic follicle is anovulatory follicular structure that is caused by an endocrine imbalance. The activity of cytochrome P450‐side chain cleavage (P450scc) is essential for the initiation of steroidogenesis in the follicle. The present study was designed to compare the frequency of cells containing P450scc between healthy and atretic small antral follicles, and among several types (I, II and III, classified based on the presence of granulosa layer) of cystic follicles. Paraffin sections of healthy (2–5 mm in diameter), atretic (2–5 mm) and cystic follicles (>25 mm) were immunohistochemically stained with rabbit polyclonal antibody to bovine P450scc. The P450scc‐positive cells were counted in four different regions of the follicles from the apical to the basal side. In small antral follicles and cystic follicles, P450scc‐positive cells were localized in the theca interna layers but not granulosa layers. The P450scc‐positive cell populations decreased in the late atretic follicles compared with the early and advanced atretic follicles at all the regions of follicle. Type III cystic follicles showed significantly lower frequencies of P450scc‐positive cells than those in the types I and II cystic follicles. These results suggest that in both small and cystic follicles in cows, total loss of granulosa cells may be associated with the reduction of frequency of P450scc‐positive cells in theca interna layer.