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21.
Nao KOYAMA Yoshikazu UENO Yusuke EGUCHI Katsuji UETAKE Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(7):562-570
This study investigated the effects of changes in daily management on behavior of a solitary female elephant in a zoo. The activity budget and space utilization of the subject and the management changes were recorded for 1 year after the conspecific male died. The observation days could be categorized into five clusters (C1–C5) by the characteristic behavioral pattern of each day. C1 had the highest percentage of resting of all clusters, and was observed after the loss of the conspecific and the beginning of use of the indoor exhibition room at night. C2, which had the highest percentage of stereotypy of any cluster, was observed after the beginning of habituation to the indoor exhibition room. Also, when the time schedule of management was changed irregularly, the subject frequently exhibited stereotypic pacing (C2, C4). The subject tended to rest when exhibiting lameness in the left hind limb (C3). In C5, activity reached a high level when she could utilize a familiar place under a stable management schedule. These results indicate that management changes affected the mental stability of an elephant in the early stage of social isolation. 相似文献
22.
Shigenobu YOSHIDA Ritsuko MURAKAMI Tsuneo WATANABE Akio KOYAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):291-293
A new disease on stocks of mulberry-grafted saplings was found in Tsukuba in 1999. A representative isolate of the Rhizopus species that was consistently isolated from rotted tissues was pathogenic to healthy mulberry stocks. The causal fungus was
identified morphologically as Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prinsen Geerligs. Rhizopus rot (“Naefuhaibyou” in Japanese) was proposed for the name of the disease. This is the first
report on a mulberry disease caused by R. oryzae.
Received 30 March 2001/ Accepted in revised form 4 June2001 相似文献
23.
Sung-Sik KANG Keisuke KOYAMA Weiping HUANG Yinghua YANG Yojiro YANAGAWA Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI Masashi NAGANO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(2):99-105
The present study aimed to establish an efficient system for bovine embryo production by in vitro fertilization (IVF) that can achieve stable normal fertilization and blastocyst developmental rates in any bull without optimization of the sperm concentration in IVF medium. We examined the effects of a PHE mixture (20 μM D-penicillamine, 10 μM hypotaurine and 1 μM epinephrine), theophylline (2.5 mM), and sperm concentration (1, 2 or 5 × 106 cells/ml) on fertilization and blastocyst developmental rates. High cleavage rates (78.3 to 92.4%) and blastocyst developmental rates (31.9 to 62.0%) at day 7 were obtained in the presence of PHE and theophylline in IVF medium with a sperm concentration of 2 × 106 cells/ml using sperm from 9 bulls. In addition, the synergistic effect of PHE and theophylline on normal fertilization (2 pronuclei) was clarified at 12 h after IVF with a sperm concentration of 1 × 106 cells/ml. Moreover, high
linearity, high flagellar beat cross frequency, and low amplitude of lateral head of motile sperm were found by computer-assisted sperm analysis. In conclusion, the combination of the PHE mixture and theophylline synergistically accelerates sperm motility and sperm penetration of bovine oocytes. Theophylline activates sperm motility with increasing intracellular cAMP. However, PHE prevents an excessive increase of cAMP and maintains sperm motility without hyperactivation. When the combination of PHE and theophylline is added to IVF medium at a sperm concentration of 2 × 106 cells/ml, we can achieve stable normal fertilization and blastocyst development in any bull. 相似文献
24.
Takafumi WATANABE Kei NISHIMURA Ryoko TAKEUCHI Yoh-ichi KOYAMA Masashi KUSUBATA Kazushige TAKEHANA Kohzy HIRAMATSU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1413-1417
Skeletal muscle is mainly composed of myofibers and intramuscular connective
tissue. Bundles composed of many myofibers, with each myofiber sheathed in connective
tissue called the endomysium, are packed in the perimysium, which occupies the vast bulk
of the intramuscular connective tissue. The perimysium is a major determination factor for
muscle texture. Some studies have reported that collagen peptide (Col-Pep) ingestion
improves the connective tissue architecture, such as the tendon and dermis. The present
study evaluated the effects of Col-Pep ingestion on the chicken iliotibialis lateralis
(ITL) muscle. Chicks were allocated to three groups: the 0.15% or 0.3% Col-Pep groups and
a control group. Col-Pep was administered by mixing in with commercial food. On day 49,
the ITL muscles were analyzed by morphological observation and the textural property test.
The width of the perimysium in the 0.3% Col-Pep group was significantly larger than other
two groups. Although scanning electron microscopic observations did not reveal any
differences in the architecture of the endomysium, elastic improvement of the ITL muscle
was observed as suggested by an increase of the width of perimysium and improved
rheological properties. Our results indicate that ingestion of Col-Pep improves the
textural property of ITL muscle of chickens by changing structure of the perimysium. 相似文献
25.
26.
Saya SHIMADA Makoto NAGAI Hiromitsu MORIYAMA Toshiyuki FUKUHARA Satoshi KOYAMA Tsutomu OMATSU Tetsuya FURUYA Junsuke SHIRAI Tetsuya MIZUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1163-1166
Metagenomic approach using next-generation DNA sequencing has facilitated the detection
of many pathogenic viruses from fecal samples. However, in many cases, majority of the
detected sequences originate from the host genome and bacterial flora in the gut. Here, to
improve efficiency of the detection of double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses from samples, we
evaluated the applicability of S1 nuclease on deep sequencing. Treating total RNA with S1
nuclease resulted in 1.5–28.4- and 10.1–208.9-fold increases in sequence reads of group A
rotavirus in fecal and viral culture samples, respectively. Moreover, increasing coverage
of mapping to reference sequences allowed for sufficient genotyping using analytical
software. These results suggest that library construction using S1 nuclease is useful for
deep sequencing in the detection of dsRNA viruses. 相似文献
27.
In the presence of Ringer's solution containing a high concentration of potassium ions, the incorporation of P(32)-orthophosphate into adenosine triphosphate and other organophosphates of the desheathed sciatic nerve of the bullfrog was inhibited by more than 75 percent. In calcium-free Ringer's solution containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the inhibition was about 30 percent. Both solutions depolarized the nerves, and the depolarization probably interfered with the mechanisms of phosphate transfer rather than directly with phosphorylation. The inhibition may have been a consequence of the decreased adsorption of phosphates which occurs at the excitable surface during depolarization. 相似文献