蔗叶不同还田模式对土壤水分和甘蔗产量的影响

田间试验研究了蔗叶不同还田模式对旱地蔗园土壤水分和甘蔗产量的影响。结果表明,蔗叶不同还田模式的甘蔗产量差异不显著,蔗叶全覆盖还田与蔗叶隔行覆盖还田处理的总苗数较焚烧处理差异达极显著性水平(P0.01),有效茎与焚烧处理差异达显著性水平(P0.05)。蔗叶全覆盖还田与蔗叶隔行覆盖还田对宿根蔗垄上前期与后期的土壤水分保持效果较好,不同蔗叶还田模式对甘蔗行间的土壤水分保持效果较好。     

蔗叶不同还田模式对土壤水分和甘蔗产量的影响

田间试验研究了蔗叶不同还田模式对旱地蔗园土壤水分和甘蔗产量的影响。结果表明,蔗叶不同还田模式的甘蔗产量差异不显著,蔗叶全覆盖还田与蔗叶隔行覆盖还田处理的总苗数较焚烧处理差异达极显著性水平（P〈0.01）,有效茎与焚烧处理差异达显著性水平（P〈0.05）。蔗叶全覆盖还田与蔗叶隔行覆盖还田对宿根蔗垄上前期与后期的土壤水分保持效果较好,不同蔗叶还田模式对甘蔗行间的土壤水分保持效果较好。     

Aquaculture and poverty alleviation in Ben Tre Province,Vietnam

Research results on the effects of aquaculture on poverty alleviation have been mixed. We use Tobit, simulation models and cross sectional survey data of 285 households, in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam, to evaluate the effects of aquaculture involvement on poverty, measured using per capita consumption of less than $1.25 USD, $1.50, and $2.00 per day. The results show for per capita consumption of less than $1.25 per day that households’ aquaculture participation or productivity had no or little effect on the living standard. For income levels above $1.25 per capita per day aquaculture participation or productivity influenced the standard of living.     

Field trial of praziquantel for control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in reservoir hosts in Vietnam

This field trial was conducted to determine whether 40 or 75 mg/kg of praziquantel is suitable for treatment of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in naturally infected dogs (n=10) and cats (n=11). Three days after treatment all animals at either dose were negative for small trematode eggs. In two cats and one dog treated with 75 mg/kg, however, a few damaged eggs were found 3 days post-treatment; no small trematode eggs were seen in these animals at day 14 post-treatment. In addition, at the 75 mg dose, two cats and two dogs experienced vomiting or diminished appetite. Therefore a praziquantel dose of 40 mg/kg is suggested for treatment of FZT in dogs and cats.     

Escherichia coli strains causing edema disease in northern Vietnam share an identical verotoxin 2e

Edema disease (ED) is a common fatal disease in newly weaned piglets. To develop an effective control program for ED, we carried out a study to better understand the incidence and spread of the disease and the characteristics of the causative agent. In our study, 69 Escherichia coli strains, isolated from 92 piglets showing clinical signs of ED from 13 provinces in northern Vietnam, were positive for both the VT2e toxin and the F18 major fimbrial subunit gene fedA. Of these, 40 strains (58%) were positive for AIDA and 16 isolates carried one or more enterotoxins. Forty-six (67%) of the 69 VT2e⁺/F18⁺ E. coli isolates belonged to classical serotypes (O139:K82, O141: K85, O138:K81, and O149:K91) while the remaining strains did not belong to the common serotypes in pig. Seropathotype 0139:K82⁺/VT2e⁺/F18⁺/AIDA⁺ (21 isolates) was the most frequently detected ED-causing E. coli strain. High prevalence of resistance was observed to the common drugs of tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and spectinomycin. Multiple resistances were widely distributed with 84% of isolates resistant to five antibiotics. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the VT2e toxin is identical among E. coli strains causing ED in pig.     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum</Emphasis> species associated with anthracnose disease of coffee in Vietnam

Twenty-three isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, five isolates of C. acutatum, two isolates of C. capsici and six isolates of C. boninense associated with anthracnose disease on coffee (Coffea spp.) in Vietnam were identified based on morphology and DNA analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA and a portion of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA were concordant and allowed good separation of the taxa. We found several Colletotrichum isolates of unknown species and their taxonomic position remains unresolved. The majority of Vietnamese isolates belonged to C. gloeosporioides and they grouped together with the coffee berry disease (CBD) fungus, C. kahawae. However, C. kahawae could be distinguished from the Vietnamese C. gloeosporioides isolates based on ammonium tartrate utilization, growth rate and pathogenicity. C. gloeosporioides isolates were more pathogenic on detached green berries than isolates of the other species, i.e. C. acutatum, C capsici and C. boninense. Some of the C. gloeosporioides isolates produced slightly sunken lesions on green berries resembling CBD symptoms but it did not destroy the bean. We did not find any evidence of the presence of C. kahawae in Vietnam.     

Selective modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by steroidal saponines from Paris polyphylla

Bio-guided fractionation of the roots of Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae), based on inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated daunorubicin efflux in K562/R7 cell line, led to isolation and identification of the three saponins 3-O-Rha(1-->2)[Ara(1-->4)]Glc-pennogenine, gracillin and polyphyllin D, and the two ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinnatasterone. These compounds were tested for multidrug reversion on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) with both drug-selected and transfected cell lines, and also on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2). By contrast to a weak efficiency on BCRP, the three saponins displayed significant effects as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux.     

湖南中小企业技术创新测度与分析

在技术创新研究中，技术创新测度是一个崭新的前沿领域，其基本使命是分析企业技术创新现状，发现和解决问题，以有效促进企业技术创新，在问卷调查和构建技术创新指标体系的基础上，利用数学模型对湖南中小企业技术创新进行了测度，并分析了其现状、原因及结果，从而为有关部门制订推动湖南中小企业技术创新政策提供了依据。