Field trial of praziquantel for control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in reservoir hosts in Vietnam

This field trial was conducted to determine whether 40 or 75 mg/kg of praziquantel is suitable for treatment of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in naturally infected dogs (n=10) and cats (n=11). Three days after treatment all animals at either dose were negative for small trematode eggs. In two cats and one dog treated with 75 mg/kg, however, a few damaged eggs were found 3 days post-treatment; no small trematode eggs were seen in these animals at day 14 post-treatment. In addition, at the 75 mg dose, two cats and two dogs experienced vomiting or diminished appetite. Therefore a praziquantel dose of 40 mg/kg is suggested for treatment of FZT in dogs and cats.     

Characterization and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 Isolated from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island,Vietnam, and Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Its Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture

Aurantiochytrium is a heterotrophic marine microalga that has potential industrial applications. The main objectives of this study were to isolate an Aurantiochytrium strain from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, optimize its culture conditions, determine its nutritional composition, extract polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the free (FFA) and the alkyl ester (FAAE) forms, and evaluate the antioxidation and neuroprotection properties of the PUFAs. Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 can be grown stably under laboratory conditions. Its culture conditions were optimized for a dry cell weight (DCW) of 31.18 g/L, with total lipids comprising 25.29%, proteins 7.93%, carbohydrates 15.21%, and carotenoid at 143.67 µg/L of DCW. The FAAEs and FFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 were rich in omega 3–6–9 fatty acids (40.73% and 44.00% of total fatty acids, respectively). No acute or subchronic oral toxicity was determined in mice fed with the PUFAs in FFA or FAAE forms at different doses over 90 days. Furthermore, the PUFAs in the FFA or FAAE forms and their main constituents of EPA, DHA, and ALA showed antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties and neuroprotective activities against damage caused by H₂O₂- and amyloid-ß protein fragment 25–35 (Aβ_25-35)-induced C6 cells. These data suggest that PUFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.     

添加组胺对早期断奶仔猪胃酸分泌、消化酶活性和肠道微生物的影响

 试验A采用 2 4头平均体重 6 .10± 0 .4 0kg的 2 8± 1日龄断奶杜×长大杂交仔猪 ,分成 4个处理组 ,在低铜基础饲粮中分别添加组胺 0、6 0、12 0、180 μg·kg-1BW (按每公斤体重折算用量 ) ,在断奶后的前 2周及第 3周内 ,添加组胺 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组比对照组提高仔猪日增重 15 .8%、9.5 % (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .10 ) ,而添加 180 μg·kg-1BW组胺则有降低仔猪日增重和增加结肠大肠杆菌数量趋势 ,仔猪腹泻率也有上升。添加组胺提高了胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌量 ,降低了胃内容物pH值 ;其中添加 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组胺提高了十二指肠内容物胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性。在试验B中 ,采用 12头平均体重 6 .85± 0 .35kg的 2 8日龄断奶杜×长大杂交仔猪 ,在高铜基础饲粮中添加组胺 6 0μg·kg-1BW ,在断奶后前 2周及第 3周内 ,提高仔猪日增重 9.8% (P <0 .0 5 )、7% (P <0 .10 ) ;提高了仔猪胃酸分泌量和十二指肠内容物胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性。结果表明 ,在早期断奶仔猪饲粮添加 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组胺 ,可刺激胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌 ,降低胃内容物 pH值 ,提高十二指肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性 ,减轻腹泻 ,提高仔猪日增重。     

二个处理交叉试验结果分析的t检验法

提出 2个处理、2个时期与 2个处理、3个时期交叉设计试验结果分析的t检验法。该法与Lucas方差分析法等价 ,但计算简便 ;并指出 ,在将试验个体分为两组时 ,两组个体数可以不相同 ;还给出了 2个处理、4个时期与 2个处理、5个时期交叉设计试验结果d值的计算式 ,进而采用本文提出的t检验法检验差异显著性     

Models to quantify excretion of dry matter,nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon in growing pigs fed regional diets

Modern pig production contributes to many environmental problems that relate to manure, especially in areas with highly intensive production systems and in regions like Asia where the regulative control is not effective. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use three different pig diets varying in dietary protein, fibre and fat as representative for Danish （DK）, Thai （TH） and Vietnamese （VN） pig production to develop and evaluate different approaches to predict/calculate excretion from growing pigs in comparison with the experimentally determined values. Nine female growing pigs were used in a digestibility and balance experiment. Excretion of dry matter （DM）, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and carbon （C） of the experimental diets were determined. Due to the highest dietary fibre content, VN had the lowest digestibility of N, P and C （73, 49, and 73%, respectively） compared with the DK and TH pig diets. From the known diet composition using standard table values on chemical and nutrient digestibly, high accuracy （bias） and low variation was found and the results could be used for prediction on chemical composition and excretion in faeces and urine in growing pigs. Calculation based on standard values regarding nutrient retention in the pig body as used in the Danish manure normative system （DMNS） showed likewise to be quite useful for quantifying the total excretion of N and P. Overall, the results demonstrate that simple models that require cheap and normally available information on dietary nutrients can give useful information on nutrient excretion in growing pigs.     

Escherichia coli strains causing edema disease in northern Vietnam share an identical verotoxin 2e

Edema disease (ED) is a common fatal disease in newly weaned piglets. To develop an effective control program for ED, we carried out a study to better understand the incidence and spread of the disease and the characteristics of the causative agent. In our study, 69 Escherichia coli strains, isolated from 92 piglets showing clinical signs of ED from 13 provinces in northern Vietnam, were positive for both the VT2e toxin and the F18 major fimbrial subunit gene fedA. Of these, 40 strains (58%) were positive for AIDA and 16 isolates carried one or more enterotoxins. Forty-six (67%) of the 69 VT2e⁺/F18⁺ E. coli isolates belonged to classical serotypes (O139:K82, O141: K85, O138:K81, and O149:K91) while the remaining strains did not belong to the common serotypes in pig. Seropathotype 0139:K82⁺/VT2e⁺/F18⁺/AIDA⁺ (21 isolates) was the most frequently detected ED-causing E. coli strain. High prevalence of resistance was observed to the common drugs of tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and spectinomycin. Multiple resistances were widely distributed with 84% of isolates resistant to five antibiotics. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the VT2e toxin is identical among E. coli strains causing ED in pig.     

Hypothermic storage of porcine zygotes in serum supplemented with chlorogenic acid

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of 100% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100% porcine follicular fluid (pFF) as a storage medium on the developmental competence of porcine zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr. Moreover, we evaluated the additive effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the storage medium. When in vitro‐produced zygotes were stored at 25°C for 24 hr in tubes containing either tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA), 100% of FBS or 100% of pFF, the rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in 100% of FBS than in BSA‐containing TCM 199. When the effects of CGA supplementation in 100% of FBS on the development of zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr was evaluated, more zygotes stored with 50 µM CGA developed to blastocysts compared with the other concentrations of CGA. When the formation date and quality of blastocysts derived from zygotes stored in 100% of FBS supplemented with 50 µM CGA were investigated, the highest ratio of blastocysts formation in the storage group appeared 1 day later than in the non‐stored control group. However, a higher proportion of blastocysts with apoptotic nuclei was observed in the stored group as compared to the non‐stored group. In conclusion, 100% of FBS is available for a short storage medium of porcine zygotes. The supplementation of 50 µM CGA into the storage medium improves the rates of blastocyst formation of zygotes after storage, but the quality of embryos from the stored zygotes remains to be improved.     

Ethanol-soluble components in soybean meal influence the digestive physiology,hepatic and intestinal morphologies,and growth performance of the marine fish pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

This study aimed to examine the effects of ethanol-soluble components (Es) in soybean meal (SBM) on gut content transit, bile acid (BA) and pancreatic digestive enzyme secretions, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), liver and intestinal morphologies, and growth performance of pompano (Trachinotus blochii). The SBM was extracted with aqueous ethanol, then the supernatant and residue were separated and dried to produce ethanol-extracted SBM (ESBM) and the Es. Four experimental diets were formulated with fish meal (FM), ESBM and SBM as main dietary protein sources. The diets were denoted as follows: FMD (FM diet), SBMD (SBM diet), ESBMD (ESBM diet) and ESBM + EsD (ESBM plus Es diet). Thirty-five fingerling pompano with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.3 g were allocated to each of 12 polyvinyl chloride tanks (1000-L holding capacity), resulting in triplicate tanks per dietary treatment. For 10 weeks, the fish were hand-fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The results showed that the final BW, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly lower, while the feed conversion ratio was higher in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups than in the ESBMD and FMD groups (p < 0.05). Fish fed SBMD and ESBM + EsD showed accelerated gastric transit, slowed intestinal mobility, and lowered secretions of BAs and pancreatic digestive enzymes as compared to those fed ESBMD and FMD. Morphological abnormalities in mucosal folds of the posterior intestine, but not the liver, were clearly observed in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups. These results indicated that the Es in SBM inhibited the digestive system, leading to decreased nutrient digestibility and growth performance in pompano. The findings of the present study suggested that removal of the Es would effectively improve the nutritional quality of SBM and enhance growth performance of pompano fed a SBM-based diet.     

新疆天山北坡中部不同品种葡萄根系抗寒性的生理生化指标

由于近年气候变化,导致新疆天山北坡中部石河子垦区种植的葡萄大面积根系受冻死亡,不能安全越冬。基于此现实问题,利用人工气候模拟技术,模拟历年葡萄根系冻害发生的温度条件,研究在冻害胁迫下,天山北坡6种葡萄根系受冻的生理生化指标变化规律。结果表明:冻害胁迫使葡萄根系的根系活力逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸含量先升后降,丙二醛相对含量增加,综合历年葡萄根系冻害资料情况表明,6种葡萄根系抗寒能力强弱依次为:无核白鸡心紫香无核克瑞森弗雷无核紫红提。