Water pollution by Pangasius production in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam: causes and options for control

In this paper, we analyse water pollution caused by farming and processing Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The results show that 1 tonne of frozen fillets releases 740 kg BOD, 1020 kg COD, 2050 kg TSS, 106 kg nitrogen and 27 kg phosphorus, of which wastewater from fish ponds contributes 60–90% and sludge from fish ponds and wastewater from processing facilities contributes 3–27% of the total emissions. Overall, the combined waste emissions from Pangasius production and processing account for <1% of the total TSS, nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Mekong Delta. Despite the relatively low contribution to water pollution, further reductions are possible through more efficient use of inputs and low-cost treatment and re-use of effluent streams. The use of cleaner production technologies and the development of wastewater treatment plants could be applied to large farms and processing facilities to reduce water pollution in Pangasius processing. Low-cost options for small-scale farms include the optimization of the discharge design for the re-use of wastewater.     

云南省天然橡胶技术标准体系发展现状及对策

论述橡胶技术标准体系在提高云南省橡胶产品市场竞争力、增收增效中的地位和作用,分析云南省橡胶标准化体系的现状及存在问题,并提出建立健全橡胶技术标准化体系的对策与建议。     

晚播加工番茄生育关键期生理生化指标研究

基于新疆加工番茄生长发育规律,设计不同播期处理,第1播期(正常播期)(4月15日)、第2播期(5月15日)、第3播期(6月15日)。在加工番茄不同发育期对各处理进行过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物底物酶(POD)活性等生理生化指标进行测定,以揭示晚播加工番茄生长发育过程中高温胁迫对植株生理生化的影响。结果表明:晚播处理加工番茄叶片SOD活性呈先降低后上升再降低的趋势,清除氧离子速率显著降低;叶片POD活性呈先下降后上升再降低的趋势,与正常期处理对比差异显著;叶片CAT活性呈先下降后上升趋势,与正常播期处理对比也发生较大变化。对各处理产量测定表明,晚播处理的产量显著低于正常播期处理的产量,正常播期处理667m2产量达5.81t,第2播期处理产量为3.51t,第3播期处理产量为1.76t。     

An evaluation of the impact of a school nutrition programme in Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a school nutrition programme on the weight gain and growth of Vietnamese schoolchildren. DESIGN: A proximate cluster evaluation of children in seven schools, in which fortified milk and biscuits supplying 300 kcal of energy were being given on school days, compared with children in 14 nearby schools with no feeding. All children were dewormed. SETTING: Twenty-one primary schools in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 1080 children in grade 1 of 21 primary schools, and a cross-sectional interview of 400 children in grade 3. RESULTS: The programme gave children the equivalent of 90 kcal day- 1 over 17 months. t-Tests showed a small but statistically significant difference between groups in their average gain in weight and height: 3.19 versus 2.95 kg (P < 0.001) and 8.15 versus 7.88 cm (P = 0.008). A multiple-level model showed that the programme was statistically significant after controlling for clustering of children in schools, sex, age and initial underweight (P = 0.024). A significant impact on height was also seen in a regression model, but not when controlling for school. The most undernourished children tended to gain the least weight. There was no evidence of substitution. CONCLUSION: The programme had a small but significant effect on weight gain, but the most undernourished children benefited the least. Methods need to be developed to target them. This design may offer a means of estimating the impact of school feeding on growth in other programme settings.     

添加组胺对早期断奶仔猪胃酸分泌、消化酶活性和肠道微生物的影响

 试验A采用 2 4头平均体重 6 .10± 0 .4 0kg的 2 8± 1日龄断奶杜×长大杂交仔猪 ,分成 4个处理组 ,在低铜基础饲粮中分别添加组胺 0、6 0、12 0、180 μg·kg-1BW (按每公斤体重折算用量 ) ,在断奶后的前 2周及第 3周内 ,添加组胺 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组比对照组提高仔猪日增重 15 .8%、9.5 % (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .10 ) ,而添加 180 μg·kg-1BW组胺则有降低仔猪日增重和增加结肠大肠杆菌数量趋势 ,仔猪腹泻率也有上升。添加组胺提高了胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌量 ,降低了胃内容物pH值 ;其中添加 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组胺提高了十二指肠内容物胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性。在试验B中 ,采用 12头平均体重 6 .85± 0 .35kg的 2 8日龄断奶杜×长大杂交仔猪 ,在高铜基础饲粮中添加组胺 6 0μg·kg-1BW ,在断奶后前 2周及第 3周内 ,提高仔猪日增重 9.8% (P <0 .0 5 )、7% (P <0 .10 ) ;提高了仔猪胃酸分泌量和十二指肠内容物胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性。结果表明 ,在早期断奶仔猪饲粮添加 6 0 μg·kg-1BW组胺 ,可刺激胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌 ,降低胃内容物 pH值 ,提高十二指肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性 ,减轻腹泻 ,提高仔猪日增重。     

二个处理交叉试验结果分析的t检验法

提出 2个处理、2个时期与 2个处理、3个时期交叉设计试验结果分析的t检验法。该法与Lucas方差分析法等价 ,但计算简便 ;并指出 ,在将试验个体分为两组时 ,两组个体数可以不相同 ;还给出了 2个处理、4个时期与 2个处理、5个时期交叉设计试验结果d值的计算式 ,进而采用本文提出的t检验法检验差异显著性     

试论人力资源会计在林业中的应用

在论述人力资源会计性质，人力资源成本资本化，人力资源成本价值及计量模式和人力资源会计与人才培养会计等有关问题基础上，对林业企业人力资源会计应用问题作了探讨。参6     

Development of gates to measure the immature platelet fraction in C57BL/6J mice using the Sysmex XN-V series multispecies hematology analyzer

The immature platelet fraction (IPF) is a measure of newly released platelets, which has been used as a marker of platelet production in multiple human studies but is not widely available in multispecies analyzers. We developed gates to measure the IPF in diluted and undiluted murine blood samples on the Sysmex XN-1000V multispecies hematology analyzer. IPF gates were created using undiluted and diluted (1/10) blood samples obtained from adult and newborn (postnatal day 10, P10) C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice, and from 3 murine models of thrombocytopenia: c-MPL^−/− mice, which lack the thrombopoietin receptor (hyporegenerative); antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia; and acute inflammation-induced thrombocytopenia. P10 mice were chosen because, at their size, we could consistently obtain (by terminal phlebotomy) the blood volume needed to run an undiluted sample. The undiluted blood IPF gate successfully differentiated between mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in both adult and P10 mice. For diluted samples, 2 IPF gates were generated: a thrombocytopenic (T) gate, which performed well in samples with platelet counts (PCs) <800 × 10⁹/L in adult mice and <500 × 10⁹/L in newborn mice, and a non-thrombocytopenic (NT) gate, which performed well in samples with PCs above these thresholds. PCs and IPFs measured in diluted blood using these gates agreed well with those measured in undiluted blood and had good reproducibility. These diluted gates allow for the accurate measurement of PCs and IPFs in small (10 µL) blood volumes, which can be obtained easily from adult and newborn mice as small as P1 to assess platelet production serially.     

How temperature and aridity drive lignin decomposition along a latitudinal transect in western Siberia

Climate change drives a northward shift of biomes in high-latitude regions. This might have consequences on the decomposition of plant litter entering the soil, including its lignin component, which is one of the most abundant components of vascular plants. In order to elucidate the combined effect of climate and soil characteristics on the decomposition pattern of lignin, we investigated lignin contents and its degree of oxidative decomposition within soil profiles along a climosequence in western Siberia. Soil samples were collected from organic topsoil to mineral subsoil at six sites along a 1500-km latitudinal transect, stretching from tundra, through taiga and forest steppe to typical steppe. The stage of lignin degradation, as mirrored by decreasing organic carbon-normalized lignin contents and increasing oxidative alteration of the remnant lignin (acid-to-aldehyde ratios of vanillyl- and syringyl-units [(Ac/Al)_V and (Ac/Al)_S]) within soil horizons, increased from tundra to forest steppe and then decreased to the steppe. Principal component analysis, involving also climatic conditions such as mean annual temperature and aridity index, showed that the different states of lignin degradation between horizons related well to the activity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases, enzymes involved in lignin depolymerization that are produced primarily by fungi and less importantly by bacteria. The low microbial lignin decomposition in the tundra was likely due to low temperature and high soil moisture, which do not favour the fungi. Increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture, facilitating a higher abundance of fungi, led to increased fungal lignin decomposition towards the forest-steppe biome, while drought and high pH might be responsible for the reduced lignin decomposition in the steppe. We infer that a shift of biomes to the north, driven by climate change, might promote lignin decomposition in the northern parts, whereas in the south a further retardation might be likely.