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151.
152.
153.
Miyazawa M Kawazoe H Sumi Y Hyakumachi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1880-1883
Lytic activity of l-menthol (1) derivatives [(-)-(1S,3R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxymenthol (2), (-)-(1S,3R,4S)-1-hydroxymenthol (3), and (+)-(1S,3R,4R,6S)-6,8-dihydroxymenthol (4)] against the snow blight disease fungus, Micronectriella nivalis was investigated. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 had 85.0, 63.9, and 81.9% lytic activity, respectively, at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. The activity of each of the three compounds increased in a dose-response manner. To study the structure-activity relationship, acetyl esters of 1-4 [(-)-menthyl acetate (1Ac), (-)-6-hydroxymenthyl diacetate (2Ac), (-)-1-hydroxymenthyl 3-monoacetate (3Ac), and (-)-6,8-dihydroxymenthyl 3,6-diacetate (4Ac)] were synthesized with yields of 80.2-99.8% and were also assayed. The acetyl esters of 1Ac, 2Ac, 3Ac, and 4Ac had 51.2, 91.5, 66.0, and 95.2% lytic activity, respectively, at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, and these compounds showed further high lytic activity compared with the alcohols of 1-4. These acetyl esters also showed higher lytic activity as their concentration was increased. Of particular interest is the fact that 2Ac and 4Ac both had higher lytic activity at 0.05-0.2 mg/mL compared with copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, a standard chemical widely used to control snow blight. This is the first report on lytic activity of l-menthol derivatives. 相似文献
154.
Masataka IWANO Kohei SADAHIRO Takuya MARUO Shinpei KAWARAI Hideki KAYANUMA Kensuke ORITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):775
Carboplatin is used to treat certain cancers in dogs and cats and is routinely administered via intravenous drip (IVD). Subcutaneous (SC) administration has also been described. However, the toxicity, serum concentrations, and area under blood concentration-time curves (AUCs) of SC carboplatin are unknown. This study aimed to compare serum carboplatin concentrations in dogs after SC and IVD and to monitor any adverse events. In this crossover study, five dogs received SC or IV carboplatin (300 mg/m2). After a minimum of 3 weeks, each dog received the other treatment. No gross skin toxicity or abnormal clinical signs were observed in any of the dogs. Blood test abnormalities were detected in most dogs. Decreased neutrophil and platelet counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were found. There was no significant difference in the neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP scores between the groups. Systemic toxicities of SC carboplatin were comparable to those of IVD carboplatin. The time to maximum carboplatin concentration after SC was longer than that after IVD (P<0.001). SC carboplatin remained in the serum longer than IVD carboplatin (P=0.008). The AUC of SC was less than that of IVD (P=0.002). The AUC and time taken to reach the maximum concentration of SC carboplatin were lower than those of IVD carboplatin. This study suggests that SC carboplatin may be an efficacious option for the treatment of tumors in dogs, particularly where IVD administration is challenging. 相似文献
155.
Maintaining genetic diversity and inbreeding control are important in Japanese Black cattle production, especially in remote areas such as the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. Using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding in Japanese Black cows from the islands of Okinawa Prefecture and compared them to those from other locations across Japan. Linkage disequilibrium decay was slower in cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. The estimated effective population size declined over time in both populations. The genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) was estimated using long stretches of consecutive homozygous SNPs (runs of homozygosity; ROH). FROH was higher in the cows on the islands of Okinawa Prefecture than on other locations. In total, 818 ROH fragments, including those containing NCAPG and PLAG1, which are major quantitative trait loci for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle, were present at significantly higher frequencies in cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture. This suggests that the ROH fragments are under strong selection and that cows in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture have low genetic diversity and high genomic inbreeding relative to those at other locations. SNP arrays are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding in cattle. 相似文献
156.
The gene duplication rate in the yeast genome is estimated without assuming the molecular clock model to be approximately 0.01 to 0.06 per gene per billion years; this rate is two orders of magnitude lower than a previous estimate based on the molecular clock model. This difference is explained by extensive concerted evolution via gene conversion between duplicated genes, which violates the assumption of the molecular clock in the analyses of duplicated genes. The average length of the period of concerted evolution and the gene conversion rate are estimated to be approximately 25 million years and approximately 28 times the mutation rate, respectively. 相似文献
157.
Journal of General Plant Pathology - In 2017 and 2018, corky root disease was observed on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The symptoms included corky, brittle, dark-brown... 相似文献
158.
Fuji Shin-ichi Mochizuki Tomofumi Okuda Mitsuru Tsuda Shinya Kagiwada Satoshi Sekine Ken-Taro Ugaki Masashi Natsuaki Keiko T. Isogai Masamichi Maoka Tetsuo Takeshita Minoru Yoshikawa Nobuyuki Mise Kazuyuki Sasaya Takahide Kondo Hideki Kubota Kenji Yamaji Yasuyuki Iwanami Toru Ohshima Kazusato Kobayashi Kappei Hataya Tatsuji Sano Teruo Suzuki Nobuhiro 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(2):105-127
Journal of General Plant Pathology - An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological... 相似文献
159.
We improved a multiple rapid immunofilter paper assay (multi-RIPA) to simultaneously detect three major viruses of cucumber,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Melon yellow spot virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. When we increased the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the extraction buffer, a positive band for each virus
developed in the multi-RIPA, regardless of the order that the three sensitized white latex particles were immobilized on the
strip. The increase in BSA concentration also strengthened the sensitivity of each RIPA. In addition, using a mixture of commercially
available, red and blue, sensitized latex solutions as a tracer, purple bands could be produced on the strips. Because each
virus yielded an unique color for a positive reaction, the three viruses were easy to distinguish. 相似文献
160.
Kim DH Feinbaum R Alloing G Emerson FE Garsin DA Inoue H Tanaka-Hino M Hisamoto N Matsumoto K Tan MW Ausubel FM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5581):623-626
A genetic screen for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with enhanced susceptibility to killing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the identification of two genes required for pathogen resistance: sek-1, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase, and nsy-1, which encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase. RNA interference assays and biochemical analysis established that a p38 ortholog, pmk-1, functions as the downstream MAP kinase required for pathogen defense. These data suggest that this MAP kinase signaling cassette represents an ancient feature of innate immune responses in evolutionarily diverse species. 相似文献