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141.
ABSTRACT: Hydroxy fatty acid isomers derived from phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PC-OOH) in the livers of three fish species, including sweet smelt, yellowtail and rainbow trout, were determined by selected ion monitoring of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total molar amounts of all hydroxy fatty acids determined in the present study coincided well with those of PC-OOH reported previously, suggesting that hydroxy fatty acid composition reflects hydroperoxide composition. The total amount of hydroperoxide isomers accumulated in the livers of sweet smelt was much higher than those of yellowtail and rainbow trout. The amounts of certain isomers, including 10-hydroperoxy octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroperoxy eicosanoic acid and 14-hydroperoxy docosanoic acid, were significantly higher than those of rainbow trout and yellowtail. These results suggest that differences in the contents and compositions of certain hydroperoxide isomers, which are possible precursors of a watermelon-like or cucumber-like aroma, result in differences of fresh fish aroma between aromatic fish and non-aromatic fish. 相似文献
142.
Ayaka OKADA Satoko IZUME Kenji OHYA Hideto FUKUSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1293-1297
VP22 is a major tegument protein of Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) that is a conserved
protein among alphaherpesviruses. However, the roles of VP22 differ among each virus, and
the roles of EHV-1 VP22 are still unclear. Here, we constructed an EHV-1 VP22 deletion
mutant and a revertant virus to clarify the role of VP22. We found that EHV-1 VP22 was
required for efficient viral growth in cultured cells, but not for virulence in a hamster
model. 相似文献
143.
Hiromichi MITAKE Naoto ITO Kota OKADERA Kazuma OKADA Kento NAKAGAWA Tomomi TANAKA Kiyohito KATSURAGI Kasumi KASAHARA Toshihide NIHONGI Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU Makoto SUGIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):221-224
A total of 568 normal feces from calves on a beef farm in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in 2011–2012 were examined by RT-semi-nested PCR for rotavirus A (RVA) VP4 genes. Through partial sequencing and BLAST analyses of 84 VP4-positive specimens, we identified an avian-like RVA strain, N2342, which shares highest nucleotide identity (80.0%) with known avian-like bovine strain 993/83, in one specimen. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed a close genetic relationship between N2342 and avian RVAs, suggesting bird-to-cattle transmission. We observed frequent contact of wild birds with calves in the farm, suggesting that these birds were the source of the virus. 相似文献
144.
Heat processing is responsible for the change in the flavor of a coffee drink. In this study, the application of gas chromatography-olfactometry of headspace samples (GCO-H) using the vapor fraction before and after heat processing of the coffee samples resulted in the detection of 12 odor-active peaks for which the flavor dilution (FD) factors changed. Eight potent odorants were identified from these peaks by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among these components, methanethiol (putrid), acetic acid (sour), 3-methylbutanoic acid (sour), 2-furfuryl methyl disulfide (meaty), and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like) increased after heating of the coffee sample, whereas 2-furfurylthiol (roasty), methional (potato-like), and 3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate (roasty) decreased compared with the coffee sample before heat treatment. In addition, extensive studies have been carried out on the pH effects on the change in the concentration of 2-furfurylthiol during heat processing and in the pH range of 5-7; it was found that the concentration of this compound in the model solutions had significantly changed. 相似文献
145.
Koji Nomiyama Hideki Osaki Takahide Sasaya Koichi Ishikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):64-68
Research on Olpidium virulentus, the vector of the serious lettuce big-vein disease, is difficult because its resting spores persist in soil and retain virus for years and the fungus is not culturable. We developed protocols to obtain purified, viable resting spores from infected roots using an enzymatic treatment and two-step density gradient centrifugation and to generate a polyclonal antibody against these spores. The antibody was species-specific in a direct immunostaining assay and in western blots produced two specific bands (ca. 30.5, 29.0 kDa) against resting spores. The detection limit for resting spores in an indirect ELISA was 200 spores/100 μL. 相似文献
146.
Fuyumi Takahashi Hideki Ogiso Masashi Fujinaga Yoshiyuki Ishiyama Yasuhiro Inoue Takashi Shirakawa Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(4):260-269
In October 2010, a bacterial disease produced flecks and spots on leaves of Chinese cabbage, cabbage and Japanese radish in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The symptoms started on the abaxial surface of leaves as angular, water-soaked flecks of 1–2 mm in diameter with a yellow halo of 3–4 mm width. These flecks then became visible on both leaf surfaces, enlarged and coalesced into large blight lesions. The symptoms were similar to bacterial leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. The bacterium isolated from leaf lesions formed a white colony and produced polysaccharides on YP agar. The isolates were identified as P. syringae group by LOPAT tests and the 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the results of pathogenicity on cruciferous plants, bacteriological characteristics, rep-PCR and the sequences of rpoD and gyrB showed that the isolates should be identified as P. cannabina pv. alisalensis (recently transferred from P. syringae pv. alisalensis). This is the first report of P. cannabina pv. alisalensis isolated from diseased crucifers in Japan. 相似文献
147.
Shigeru Katayama Toshihiro Nishio Hideki Kishimura Hiroki Saeki 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):76-81
Marine brown algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, which have the ability to form gels and viscous solution. Sulfated
polysaccharides exhibit many biological activities; however, little is known whether the viscoelastic property in the polysaccharide
extract is correlated with biological activities. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of highly viscous polysaccharide
extract (HVPE) from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia in a murine model, and the effects were compared with those of a less viscous polysaccharide extract (LVPE). HVPE or LVPE
(10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. Secretions of cytokine and IgA in Con A-stimulated
spleen and Peyer’s patch (PP) cells and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined. IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6,
and IgA secretions showed high levels in spleen cell cultures from mice administered HVPE, whereas these effects were diminished
in the LVPE-administered mice. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by the continuous oral administration
of HVPE, and these effects were higher than those of LVPE. Furthermore, an increase in IgA secretion by administration of
HVPE was observed in Con A-stimulated PP cells. These results suggest that the polysaccharide extract from K. crassifolia has immunomodulatory activities, which depend on the viscosity. 相似文献
148.
Kei’ichiro Iguchi Ken Fujimoto Hideki Kaeriyama Atsushi Tomiya Masahiro Enomoto Shin-ichiro Abe Toshinori Ishida 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):983-988
The Fukushima nuclear accident led to deposition of radionuclides into the freshwater fishery ground of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. For the purpose of more comprehensive understanding of the radioactive contamination, cesium-137 (137Cs) was analyzed in running water, muddy sediment, attached algae, and ayu using samples from three river systems with different levels of contamination within Fukushima Prefecture in summer and autumn 2011. The amount of 137Cs contained in water as well as in sediment declined over an interval of two months, although the concentration in sediment samples was up to 10,000-fold higher than that in water samples. The changes in 137Cs concentration of algae showed different courses among the three river systems, the concentration being greater in autumn in the river systems with high and moderate radioactive contamination. 137Cs detected within a single stock of ayu appeared to be excreted rather rapidly with a calculated half-life of approximately 39 days, while the concentration ratio ranged from 103 to 104 l/kg, attaining higher levels than previously reported. These findings indicate that the most important pathway of 137Cs into ayu is via intake of algae as food but that the retention time of 137Cs inside ayu is relatively short. 相似文献
149.
Tsutomu Matsumoto Hideki Yamamoto Shin-ichi Fuji Masayasu Inoue 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):76-80
A potyvirus tentatively named Ornithogalum virus 3 (OV-3) was successfully isolated by single-aphid transmissions from O. thyrsoides mix-infected with OV-3, Ornithogalum
mosaic
virus (OrMV) and Ornithogalum stripe mosaic virus (OrSMV). OV-3, a flexuous, rod-shaped particle of ca. 690 nm, was sap and aphid transmissible. The virus
had a narrow host range and caused necrotic mosaic on O. thyrsoides under cold conditions. We therefore propose the name Ornithogalum necrotic mosaic virus (OrNMV) for OV-3. A synergistic increase in symptom severity was apparent on O. thyrsoides mix-infected with OrSMV/OrNMV, but not with either OrMV/OrNMV or OrMV/OrSMV.
The nucleotide sequence data reported is available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB282754. 相似文献
150.