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31.
This paper reviews the studies conducted in Japan on the erosion caused by snow cover movement and presents erosion control
measures and future visions about forest management in heavy snow regions. Japan is one of the heaviest snowfall countries
in the world, more than half of whose land is situated in heavy snow regions. In addition, a large part of this country has
steep mountain sites. Because of these geographical features, erosion is frequently caused by snow cover movement on mountain
slopes and a lot of research on this phenomenon has been conducted. Snow-induced erosion is generated at forest fire sites,
deforestation sites, and plantations by stumps uprooting, pulled-out bushes, and topsoil movement induced by snow cover movement.
Due to its occurrence mechanism, the depth of the erosion is very shallow, 60 cm or less. The erosion area ranges from less
than 10 m2 to several hectares. In general, the number of small erosions, less than 100 m2, is very large. The geomorphic features that generate snow-induced erosion almost always correspond to those of avalanche
slopes. As for geological characteristics, snow-induced erosion is found in the Neogene area or older. The environment surrounding
the snow-induced erosion sites is very harsh, so development of reforestation technology is still in the trial-and-error stage.
In order to prevent additional devastation in heavy snow regions, clarification of slope erosive phenomenon from the aspect
of slope stability under the snow cover, and progress in the research for establishment of diverse management of forest are
required.
Recipient of the Japanese Forestry Society Award 1998. 相似文献
32.
Tsutomu TSUKADA Anna Yumiko KOJIMA Kunitada SATO Masaharu MORIYOSHI Masanori KOYAGO Yutaka SAWAMUKAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(2):31-34
The concentrations of androstenedione, estradiol-17β, progesterone and PGF2α
contained in the follicular fluid produced by the follicles in collected ovaries of mares
that have had estrous phase during the breeding season were measured and analyzed the
relation between the growth stage of follicles and the hormone levels in the follicular
fluid. An ultrasonographic diagnostic instrument was used to measure the diameter of the
follicles in order to categorize the follicles into three groups the following: 8 small
follicles (from 1.0 to less than1.5 cm), 8 medium follicles (from 1.5 to less than 3.0
cm), and 8 large follicles (from 3.0 to 5.0 cm), respectively. The analysis of the
follicular fluid in ovaries of estrous mares showed that the concentrations of
androstenedione were significantly higher in the medium or large follicles than in the
small follicles and the concentrations of estradiol-17β were significantly higher in
larger follicles than in the small or medium follicles (P<0.05). The concentrations of
progesterone and PGF2α, on the other hand, did not significantly vary
regardless of follicluar size. In the follicles within the mare ovaries that have had
estrous stage, the concentrations of the hormones related the ovulation, namely
androstenedione and estradiol-17β, were higher with larger follicles. 相似文献
33.
Haruka Nishikawa Ichiro Yasuda Sachihiko Itoh Kosei Komatsu Hideharu Sasaki Yoshikazu Sasai Yoshioki Oozeki 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(6):509-522
Particle‐tracking experiments were performed to infer the distribution of larvae of the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and to detect effects of transport environment on sardine recruitment, using the output of a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model and observed data of sardine spawning grounds during 1978–2004. By the 60th day following spawning, approximately 50% of the larvae had been transported to the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Whereas the spawning period and grounds changed markedly in relation to the stock level, the proportion of larvae transported to the KE remained relatively constant and no significant correlations were found between sardine recruitment and the transport proportion. Instead, the recruitment was found to be correlated with physical parameters including the mixed layer depth and the sea surface temperature along several major transport trajectories of sardine larvae. The correlations were most significant for the trajectories in the region 0.5° south to 1° north of the Kuroshio axis (defined as the location of velocity maxima at each longitude) and for larvae spawned in February and March during the high stock period (1978–94), and for larvae spawned in March and April during the low stock period (1995–2004). 相似文献
34.
Kotaro HORIGUCHI Ken FUJIWARA Takehiro TSUKADA Takashi NAKAKURA Saishu YOSHIDA Rumi HASEGAWA Shu TAKIGAMI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2022,68(4):278
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor cells in the adenohypophysis, comprising the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). The cells are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously demonstrated in vitro that the tetraspanin superfamily CD9 and SOX2 double-positive (CD9/SOX2-positive) cells in the IL-side MCL migrate to the AL side and differentiate into hormone-producing and endothelial cells in the AL parenchyma. Here, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate the role of IL-side CD9/SOX2-positive cells in pregnancy, lactation, and treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES; an estrogen analog) when an increased population of prolactin (PRL) cells was observed in the AL of the rat pituitary. The proportions of CD9/SOX2-, CD9/Ki67-, and PRL/TUNEL-positive cells decreased in the primary and secondary niches during pregnancy and DES treatment. In contrast, the number of CD9/PRL-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma during pregnancy and during DES treatment. The proportion of PRL/Ki67-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma in response to DES treatment. Next, we isolated CD9-positive cells from the IL-side MCL using an anti-CD9 antibody. During cell culture, the cells formed free-floating three-dimensional clusters (pituispheres). Furthermore, CD9-positive cells in the pituisphere differentiated into PRL cells, and their differentiation potential was promoted by DES. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-side MCL may act as adult stem cells in the AL parenchyma that supply PRL cells under the influence of estrogen. 相似文献
35.
Reiichiro Sato Tetsuo Ito Tsunenori Suganuma Yumi Une Tomoo Kudo Hideki Kayanuma Eiichi Kanai Takehito Suzuki Hideharu Ochiai Nahoko Enomoto Seigo Itoh Ken Onda Yasunori Wada 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(5):463-465
A male crossbred calf developed a limp and pain upon deep pressure on the right hind limb and the right forelimb. The radiographic findings of affected limbs and pathological findings of bone biopsy were similar to those observed in canine panosteitis. This is the first case of suspected panosteitis reported in cattle. 相似文献
36.
Toshiho Nishita Yuichiro Tomita Daisuke Yorifuji Kensuke Orito Hideharu Ochiai Kazuyosi Arishima 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):63
Background
The developmental profile of chicken carbonic anhydrase-III (CA-III) blood levels has not been previously determined or reported. We isolated CA-III from chicken muscle and investigated age-related changes in the levels of CA-III in blood.Methods
CA-III was purified from chicken muscle. The levels of CA-III in plasma and erythrocytes from 278 female chickens (aged 1-93 weeks) and 68 male chickens (aged 3-59 weeks) were determined by ELISA.Results
The mean level of CA-III in female chicken erythrocytes (1 week old) was 4.6 μg/g of Hb, and the CA-III level did not change until 16 weeks of age. The level then increased until 63 weeks of age (11.8 μg/g of Hb), decreased to 4.7 μg/g of Hb at 73 weeks of age, and increased again until 93 weeks of age (8.6 μg/g of Hb). The mean level of CA-III in erythrocytes from male chickens (3 weeks old) was 2.4 μg/g of Hb, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age. The mean plasma level of CA-III in 1-week-old female chickens was 60 ng/mL, and this level was increased at 3 weeks of age (141 ng/mL) and then remained steady until 80 weeks of age (122 ng/mL). The mean plasma level of CA-III in 3-week-old male chickens was 58 ng/mL, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age.Conclusion
We observed both developmental changes and sex differences in CA-III concentrations in White Leghorn (WL) chicken erythrocytes and plasma. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the erythrocyte CA-III level and egg-laying rate in WL-chickens 16-63 weeks of age (p < 0.01). 相似文献37.
Miyazaki M Fujiwara K Suzuta Y Wakamatsu N Taira H Suzuki A Yamashita T 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(3):312-317
Proteinuria is an important indicator of urinary tract disease and urine dipsticks are simple and sensitive tools to screen for this marker. However, the use of dipsticks to screen for proteinuria may not be appropriate in cats, since cauxin, a 70 kDa glycoprotein, is secreted by the kidneys in clinically normal animals of this species. To circumvent this problem, a Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) lectin tip was developed to remove cauxin from feline urine, followed by conventional urine dipstick testing for proteinuria. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 staining indicated that >90% cauxin in the urine of 13 clinically normal cats was trapped by the LCA lectin tip, so that the dipstick protein ‘score’ changed from ‘positive’ (?30 mg/dL) for untreated urine to ‘negative’ (?10 mg/dL) for lectin tip-treated urine. In contrast, SDS–PAGE indicated that lectin tip-treated samples from 20 animals with renal disease contained high concentrations of albumin and low-molecular weight proteins; dipstick testing of lectin tip-treated urine resulted in a consistently positive protein score. The accuracy of the dipstick method for detecting cats with abnormal proteinuria is enhanced if dipsticks are used with urine samples that have first been passed through the LCA lectin tip. 相似文献
38.
Miyazaki M Soeta S Yamagishi N Taira H Suzuki A Yamashita T 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(1):76-79
Cauxin, a member of mammalian carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1), is excreted as a major urinary protein in the domestic cat. Urinary cauxin is derived from the kidney proximal straight tubules. Here, we report changes in the renal expression and urinary excretion of cauxin in cats with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunohistochemistry using anti-cauxin antibody showed fewer cauxin-positive tubules in 15 TIN cases than in normal animals. In areas with tubulointerstitial damage, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells replaced renal tubules, and cauxin-positive tubules consequently disappeared. Urine was analysed in six of the 15 cases. In the two cases with mild tubulointerstitial changes, urinary cauxin was detected using SDS-PAGE with Coomassie staining. In the four cases with severe tubulointerstitial changes, urinary cauxin was below the detection limit using Western blotting. These results indicate that the renal expression and urinary excretion of cauxin decrease with the progression of TIN in cats. 相似文献