宫炎净中生物碱对子宫内膜炎家兔病理组织形态变化的影响

为研究中药复方宫炎净中生物碱对子宫内膜炎家兔子宫组织病理形态变化的影响,本实验通过子宫灌注混合菌液建立子宫内膜炎家兔模型,观察家兔在造模前后的临床症状以及白细胞分类计数变化,确认造模成功后给予不同剂量的生物碱治疗,并在末次给药后,取各组家兔的子宫,观察其病理变化。结果显示,通过子宫灌注病原菌可以导致家兔采食量减少,精神状态差,体温升高,白细胞总数及中性粒细胞数显著增多（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）、淋巴细胞显著减少（P〈0.05）,成功建立子宫内膜炎家兔模型;通过观察家兔子宫组织变化,结果表明,宫炎净中生物碱有一定的活血化瘀、抗菌消炎作用,对子宫内膜炎家兔有较好的治疗作用。     

Pork quality attributes associated with bilateral carcass variation

The objective of this study was to identify bilateral differences in pork carcass quality as influenced by single leg shackling and suspension of electrically stunned pigs. Fifty-six Genepacker x EB market barrows (118 kg) were rendered unconscious and insensible to pain via electrical stimulation. Pigs were then shackled and suspended by the right hind leg before exsanguination and remained suspended until scalding. Initial (45-min) pH values of the LM at the 10th to 11th rib interface were different (P = 0.016); shackled side loins possessed a greater i.m. pH than those loins associated with the free side of the carcass (6.26 vs. 6.10). At 24 h postmortem, loins from the shackled side had lower (P < 0.001) L* values than loins from the free side in both the sirloin (53.08 vs. 57.61) and blade (54.61 vs. 57.09) regions. Additionally, b* values were greater (P < 0.001) for loins from the shackled side than loins from the free side in the center (13.81 vs. 13.01) and blade (14.72 vs. 13.68) regions, and in the blade region, a* values were greater (P < 0.001) in the LM from the shackled side than loins from the free side (7.37 vs. 6.26). Moreover, LM chops of loins from the shackled side that were aged 21 d were rated less (P < 0.05) tough (2.74 vs. 3.95) and more (P < 0.05) juicy (4.24 vs. 3.19) than chops from the free-hanging side. However, these differences were not evident after 41 d aging. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that bilateral differences exist within the LM of a pork carcass and that these differences are likely associated with the single-leg shackling and suspension of electrically stunned pigs.     

玉米光合性状的相关性及 QTL 分析

为了探讨玉米光合性状的相关性及遗传机制,利用2个不同遗传背景的F2群体对叶绿素a质量分数、叶绿素b质量分数、叶绿素总质量分数、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率等10个光合性状进行了相关性及QTL分析.在相关性分析中,对于Y群体,叶绿素质量分数a、叶绿素质量分数b和叶绿素总质量分数3个性状在不同时期的相关性不显著;而对于R群体,这3个性状在不同时期的相关性极显著,达到高度相关.对于其余性状间的相关,两群体表现一致性高.同一时期的叶绿素a质量分数、叶绿素b质量分数和叶绿素总质量分数间为高度相关,净光合速率与气孔导度的相关、净光合速率与蒸腾速率的相关、气孔导度与蒸腾速率的相关为高度相关,气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度的相关为中度相关,叶绿素质量分数与净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率间均为弱度相关.在QTL分析中,对于Y群体,五叶期检测到控制叶绿素a质量分数、叶绿素b质量分数、叶绿素总质量分数的QTL各1个,位于第4染色体的umc2391-mmc0371之间,单个QTL可解释表型变异的8.65%~9.87%;乳熟期检测到控制叶绿素a质量分数、叶绿素b质量分数、叶绿素总质量分数的QTL各1个,位于第10染色体的mmc0501-bnlg1451之间,单个QTL可解释表型变异的6.77%~6.93%;散粉期检测到1个净光合速率QTL,1个气孔导度QTL,2个胞间CO2浓度QTL,2个蒸腾速率QTL,单个QTL可解释表型变异的5.64%~7.73%.对于R群体,五叶期检测到3个叶绿素a质量分数QTL、2个叶绿素b质量分数QTL、3个叶绿素总质量分数QTL,其中1个控制叶绿素总质量分数的QTLqRFCt-1-2贡献率超过10%,为主效QTL;乳熟期检测到2个叶绿素a质量分数QTL、3个叶绿素b质量分数QTL、2个叶绿素总质量分数QTL;散粉期检测到2个净光合速率QTL,1个气孔导度QTL,1个胞间CO2浓度QTL,1个蒸腾速率QTL,单个QTL可解释表型变异的5.79%~9.24%.2个群体没有检测到"一致性"QTL,而且单个QTL的贡献率较小,说明光合性状是受微效多基因控制的数量性状,遗传机理复杂,需做进一步深入研究.     

Three-dimensional structure of herpes simplex virus from cryo-electron tomography

Herpes simplex virus, a DNA virus of high complexity, consists of a nucleocapsid surrounded by the tegument-a protein compartment-and the envelope. The latter components, essential for infectivity, are pleiomorphic. Visualized in cryo-electron tomograms of isolated virions, the tegument was seen to form an asymmetric cap: On one side, the capsid closely approached the envelope; on the other side, they were separated by approximately 35 nanometers of tegument. The tegument substructure was particulate, with some short actin-like filaments. The envelope contained 600 to 750 glycoprotein spikes that varied in length, spacing, and in the angles at which they emerge from the membrane. Their distribution was nonrandom, suggesting functional clustering.     

Effect of Different Extenders on In Vitro Characteristics of Feline Epididymal Sperm During Cryopreservation

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of various extenders for the cryopreservation of epididymal cat spermatozoa, two experiments were planned. Bovine and equine commercial extenders in the experiment 1 and TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders in experiment 2 were separately studied since the number of sperm collected per cat is reduced. Epididymal sperm samples were packaged into 0.25‐ml straws and frozen. Vigour, motility, morphology, acrosome status, sperm viability and functional membrane integrity were assessed at collection, after cooling and after thawing, while DNA integrity was evaluated at 0‐ and 6‐h post‐thaw. Experiment 1 compared the effect of three non‐feline commercial extenders – based on TRIS–egg yolk (Triladyl), egg‐yolk‐free medium (AndroMed) and skimmed milk‐egg yolk (Gent) – on the quality of frozen‐thawed epididymal cat sperm. Values for sperm motility and functional membrane integrity in cooled sperm diluted in Triladyl were higher (p < 0.001) than those recorded for Andromed and Gent. Except sperm morphology, the other assessed characteristics showed significant higher values in frozen‐thawed sperm diluted in Triladyl than in Andromed and Gent extenders. Experiment 2 analysed the effects of three TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders, one non‐feline commercial (Triladyl) and the other two prepared using different monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), on freezing‐thawed sperm. Results showed that specifically prepared extenders for cryopreservation of feline spermatozoa performed better than the commercial extender Triladyl, although sperm quality during the freezing‐thawing process did not significantly differ associated with the type of monosaccharide (glucose vs fructose) added to the mentioned extenders. Although TRIS–egg yolk–based extenders prepared in experiment 2 improved sperm cryoprotection, Triladyl remains a good option for practitioners who, for ease of use and availability, prefer to work with commercial extenders.     

Red blood cell volume of the pig fetus

A non-radioactive fluorescent excitation analysis technique was used to measure total red blood cell volume in 31 unanaesthetised pig fetuses in utero. Red blood cell volume (y in ml) was closely related (r = 0.94) to fetal bodyweight (x in g): where y = 2.92 + 0.0291x. Average red blood cell volume was 34 +/- 1 ml kg-1 fetal bodyweight. Average estimated (total) blood volume was 117 +/- 3 ml kg-1 fetal bodyweight. It was concluded that this non-radioactive indicator dilution measurement of red blood cell volume is a significant advance over the established 51Cr method, and that measurement of red blood cell volume may be used to estimate fetal bodyweight in utero.     

Scanning electron microscopic description of cellular activity and mineral changes in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions

The cellular activity and changes in mineral composition of dental tissues involved in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions were investigated. Teeth with at least 1 lesion (n = 10) were extracted from 10 different cats that were presented primarily for chronic gingivostomatitis and/or severe periodontal disease. Scanning electron microscopic methods were used to determine the presence of resorptive cells in 8 teeth while 2 teeth were evaluated for pathologic changes in dental mineral composition. Observations were complicated by the presence of organic wear on the dental surfaces, however resorptive cells could be clearly identified in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions. Resorptive cells had morphologic features indicative of "osteoclast-like" cells or odontoclasts. Resorptive cell activity created a resorption area of darker dentin continuous with physiologic dentin. The darker dentin area seemed poorly mineralized and showed a significantly lower calcium/phosphorous ratio compared with adjacent physiologic denting in 1 tooth. A significantly higher level of magnesium combined with available carbonate ions may have increased the solubility in areas of darker dentin.     

马尾松檫树混交林生物量及水源涵养研究

对马尾松檫树行状混交林、马尾松纯林及檫树纯林乔木层生物量、地上部分持水量、土壤渗透性能及贮水能力对比研究，结果表明，马尾松檫树混交林生物量大于马尾松纯林和檫树纯林，混交林地上部分持水量大，土壤渗透性和贮水能力强，其综合水源涵养能力强于马尾松纯林和檫树纯林。