Rattenbekämpfung mit Hilfe eines Waldkauzes

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Die DouglasienwollausGilletteella cooleyi Gill. und ihre Bekämpfung

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Seidenspinnerkokons aus den Jahren 1870 und 1940

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Untersuchungen über Maikäfer und Engerlinge

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Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of low polarity water (LPW) on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Fucus vesiculosus and to examine the influence of temperature on the extraction yield, total phenolic content, crude alginate, fucoidan content, and antioxidant activity. The extractions were performed at the temperature range of 120–200 °C with 10 °C increments, and the extraction yield increased linearly with the increasing extraction temperature, with the highest yields at 170–200 °C and with the maximum extraction yield (25.99 ± 2.22%) at 190 °C. The total phenolic content also increased with increasing temperature. The extracts showed a high antioxidant activity, measured with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals scavenging and metal-chelating activities of 0.14 mg/mL and 1.39 mg/mL, respectively. The highest yield of alginate and crude fucoidan were found at 140 °C and 160 °C, respectively. The alginate and crude fucoidan contents of the extract were 2.13% and 22.3%, respectively. This study showed that the extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweed could be selectively maximized by controlling the polarity of an environmentally friendly solvent.     

Dwarf shrub litter as a food source for macro-decomposers in alpine pastureland

Dwarf shrub litter is thought to be of poor quality and palatability for macro-decomposers. In laboratory feeding experiments, however, it was found that this litter type represents a potential food source for earthworms and millipedes. Here we tested whether this is true under natural conditions by conducting a 1 year field experiment on an abandoned alpine pasture in Tyrol (Austria). As the natural isotopic signatures of plant litter do not allow discriminating between different plant species, dwarf shrub litter, artificially enriched in ¹⁵N, was offered in experimental plots to the macro-decomposer community. Both the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus and the millipede Cylindrojulus fulviceps fed on dwarf shrub litter as indicated by their increased δ¹⁵N signatures, but IsoError analysis indicated a clear preference for grass litter for all macro-decomposer species investigated.Soil δ¹⁵N signatures were only marginally affected by the experimental provision of ¹⁵N-enriched dwarf shrub litter, whereas litter from other, unlabelled, plants became enriched by the isotopic tracer to some extent. Except for one grass species, plants harvested at the end of the experiment were not enriched in ¹⁵N, suggesting that the N-uptake from decomposing litter material by plants on abandoned alpine pastureland is slow.     

Veterinarians teaching at schools of agriculture in Germany (up to 1950)--their contribution to animal nutrition

During the 19th century in Germany mainly veterinarians working at agricultural schools or appointed to veterinary schools from there (for example HAUBNER, ROLOFF, DAMMANN, ALBRECHT, KRONACHER) made considerable contributions to the development of animal nutrition. They disseminated knowledge of feedstuffs and feeding techniques to the interested public at large by books concerning animal husbandry and especially "Gesundheitspflege" (health regimen; Tab. 1). Their experimental work (Tab. 2) extended from digestibility of feedstuffs, Ca-, P- and rumen metabolism (NPN), respectively, to feed intoxications. The interest in preventive measures being stronger at school of agriculture than at veterinary schools probably stimulated this development.     

Livestock nutrient management concerns: regulatory and legislative overview

A greater focus on manure nutrient disposition from concentrated animal-feeding operations has developed from environmentalists, concerned citizens, and regulatory agencies. The establishment and enforcement of manure nutrient regulations will alter the future of livestock production. Proposed legislation and strategies may provide a false sense of security regarding environmental preservation or restoration and may impose monitoring and record keeping on the livestock operators. Existing regulations and proposed regulations and strategies are presented. Implications of legislation and proposed strategies, policies, and regulations are discussed. Livestock operations will need to comply with regulations to remain in business and to minimize environmental liability.     

Antibody response to glycoprotein E after bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in passively immunised, glycoprotein E-negative calves

This study was conducted to determine whether young calves with maternal antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) but without antibodies against glycoprotein E (gE) can produce an active antibody response to gE after a BHV-1 infection. Five calves received at birth colostrum from gE-seronegative cows which had been vaccinated two or three times with an inactivated BHV-1, gE-deleted marker vaccine. After inoculation with a wild-type virulent strain of BHV-1, all the passively immunised gE-negative calves shed virus in large amounts in their nasal secretions. All the calves seroconverted to gE within two to four weeks after inoculation and then had high levels of gE antibodies for at least four months. The development of an active cell-mediated immune response was also detected by in vitro BHV-1-specific interferon-gamma assays. All the calves were latently infected, because one of them re-excreted the virus spontaneously and the other four did so after being treated with dexamethasone. The results showed that under the conditions of this work the gE-negative marker could also distinguish between passively immunised and latently infected calves.