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11.
In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility in juvenile bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840) fed soybean meal‐based diets 下载免费PDF全文
In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility of 0% to 60% soybean meal protein (SBM) substitution from fishmeal protein was conducted for bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus juveniles. Seven experimental diets containing 35% protein and 15% lipid were fed to bagrid catfish to determine the in vivo protein digestibility. In vitro methods were determined using pH stat, pH shift, spectrophotometric assay and sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) with different enzyme mixtures (crude intestinal extract of bagrid catfish, Lazo 1‐enzyme, Hsu 3‐enzyme, Saterlee 4‐enzyme). In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility decreased with increased SBM protein substitution with highest tolerance level of 10% (in vivo). pH stat and pH drop methods showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and relative protein digestibility (RPD) using Saterlee 4‐enzyme system. However, pH stat method showed highest correlations (r2 = 0.9263) with the in vivo results using crude intestinal enzyme extract compared to other enzyme systems. The highest correlation of the in vitro methods using crude intestinal enzyme extracts of bagrid catfish was determined using spectrophotometric assay (r2 = 0.9284) followed by pH stat (r2 = 0.9263), SDS‐PAGE (r2 = 0.8348) and pH drop (r2 = 0.6777). All the in vitro methods tested are suitable to rapidly determine protein digestibility for bagrid catfish except for pH drop. 相似文献
12.
Sutriana Amalia Akter Mst. Nahid Hashim Roshada Nor Siti Azizah Mohd 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(6):2769-2791
Aquaculture International - Single or combined effect of yeast, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), and β-glucan was evaluated on the growth performance, nutrient... 相似文献
13.
Fifty DSH cats were studied radiographically and a highly significant linear correlation was found between the length of the oesophagus measured to the diaphragmatic line on the radiographs and the externally measured distance from the lower jaw incisor teeth to the anterior border of the head of 10th rib. A subsequent manometric study utilizing this correlation in 40 cats suggests that the functional lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) is situated almost at the level of the diaphragm in the cat. Significant differences were found between the length of the LOS in cats anaesthetized with ketamine compared to alphaxalone-alphadolone or xylazine-ketamine-atropine. The mean lengths of the LOS was 1.42 +/- 0.3 cm. The findings of this study indicate that external measurements can be used to position catheters for accurate oesophageal manometry in the cat. 相似文献
14.
Amalia Sutriana Roshada Hashim Mst. Nahid Akter Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):523-533
The effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and a combination of yeast and β-glucan (YβG) supplementation of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isonitrogenous (30% protein) and isocaloric (19 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated to contain 100% fish meal (FM) protein, 55% FM protein/45% SBM protein, FM-SBM supplemented with 1% GOS, and a combination of 1% yeast and 0.1% β-glucan, respectively. Each diet was fed for 12 weeks to three groups of 30 striped catfish fingerlings (average weight 16.45?±?0.07 g) maintained in circular fiberglass tanks (600 l). Growth, feed utilization, and muscle protein composition of fish improved significantly after supplementation with either GOS or YβG compared to the unsupplemented SBM diet, but were similar to those of fish fed the FM diet. Nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, villi and microvilli length were significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented SBM diets. The gut microbiota ranking profile showed that supplementing the SBM diet with YβG and GOS gave a ranking of Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria phyla similar to that of the FM diet. Thus, diet containing 45% protein from soybean supplemented with either GOS or YβG can be recommended to improve the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish. 相似文献
15.
Triplicate groups of Mystus nemurus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) were fed isoenergetic semipurified diets containing seven dietary protein levels from 200 to 500 g kg–1 diet for 10 weeks. Dietary protein was supplied by graded amounts of a protein mixture (tuna muscle meal:casein:gelatine) at a fixed ratio of 50:37.5:12.5. Mystus nemurus fingerlings of initial weight 7.6 ± 0.2 g were fed close to apparent satiation at 2.5% of their body weight per day in two equal feedings. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency increased linearly with dietary protein level from 202 to 410 g kg–1 diet and declined with protein levels of 471 g kg–1 diet or above. Protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization started to decline when the fish were fed with dietary protein levels exceeding 471 g kg–1 diet. Fish fed with lower protein diets (202–295 g kg–1 diet) had significantly ( P < 0.05) higher carcass lipid content compared with fish fed with higher protein diets. Carcass lipid contents were inversely related to moisture content. Dietary protein did not significantly affect fish carcass protein and ash content. Using two-slope broken-line analysis, the dietary protein requirement for M. nemurus based on percentage weight gain was estimated to be 440 g kg–1 diet with a protein to energy ratio of 20 mg protein kJ–1 gross energy. This level of protein in the diet is recommended for maximum growth of M. nemurus fingerlings weighing between 7 and 18 g under the experimental conditions used in this study. 相似文献
16.
Hashim S Jan A Sunohara Y Hachinohe M Ohdan H Matsumoto H 《Pest management science》2012,68(3):422-429
BACKGROUND: Trifluralin‐resistant biotypes of water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) have been identified in wheat fields from northern Kyushu, Japan. Water foxtail is a winter‐annual grassy weed, causing substantial crop losses. This study reports on mutation in α‐tubulin (TUA) genes from water foxtail, the site of action of trifluralin. RESULTS: Two trifluralin‐sensitive (S) Chikugo and Ukiha biotypes and four trifluralin‐resistant (R) Asakura‐1, Asakura‐2, Tamana and Tosu biotypes of water foxtail were used for herbicide resistance analysis. R biotypes showed 5.7–30.7‐fold trifluralin resistance compared with the S biotypes. No differences in the uptake and translocation of 14C‐trifluralin were observed between Chikugo (S) biotype and Asakura‐1 (R) biotype. Most of the 14C detected in the plant material was in the root tissue, and no substantial increases were noted in shoot tissues. Comparative TUA sequence analysis revealed two independent single amino acid changes: change of Val into Phe at position 202 in TUA1 and change of Leu into Met at position 125 in TUA3 in Asakura‐1 biotype. In the Tamana (R) biotype, two amino acid changes of Leu to Phe at position 136 and Val to Phe at position 202 were observed in the predicted amino acid sequence of TUA1, compared with Chikugo (S) biotype. CONCLUSION: The results provide preliminary molecular explanation for the resistance of water foxtail to trifluralin, a phenomenon that has arisen as a result of repeated exposure to this class of herbicide. This is the first report of α‐tubulin mutation in water foxtail and for any Alopecurus species reported in the literature. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Alonso JM Stepanova AN Leisse TJ Kim CJ Chen H Shinn P Stevenson DK Zimmerman J Barajas P Cheuk R Gadrinab C Heller C Jeske A Koesema E Meyers CC Parker H Prednis L Ansari Y Choy N Deen H Geralt M Hazari N Hom E Karnes M Mulholland C Ndubaku R Schmidt I Guzman P Aguilar-Henonin L Schmid M Weigel D Carter DE Marchand T Risseeuw E Brogden D Zeko A Crosby WL Berry CC Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657
Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene. 相似文献
18.
19.
Mst. Nahid Akter Roshada Hashim Amalia Sutriana Mohd Nor Siti Azizah Md. Asaduzzaman 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):786-797
The influence of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and gut microflora were evaluated in juveniles striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Five experimental diets were formulated by supplementing 0, 103, 105, 107 and 109 CFU/g L. acidophilus in fishmeal and casein‐based semi‐purified diet. Triplicate groups of striped catfish (21.69 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in 15 fiberglass tanks with stocking density of 25 individuals per tank and fed twice daily at 2.5% of the fish body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and the protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed with 105 and 107CFU/g L. acidophilussupplemented diets compared with the other treatment groups. Compared with the control and fish fed low (103 CFU/g) L. acidophilus supplementation, those fed with 105 and 107 CFU/g had significantly higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility. Inclusion of L. acidophilus at 107 CFU/g diet significantly increased amylase, protease and lipase activities. Microscopic analysis showed that the villi length in both the anterior and posterior gut and microvilli length in the posterior gut increased significantly in fish fed L. acidophilus supplementation at 105 and 107 CFU/g of diet. The fish fed L. acidophilus supplemented diets significantly increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the gut of striped catfish compared with the control‐fed group. Based on gut histomorphology and growth performance, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 105 CFU/g appears to have the most positive effect on striped catfish farming. 相似文献
20.
Inhalt: In der Provinz El Sharkiah der Vereinigten Arabischen Republik wurden 3504 Büffel und 1861 Kühe der Landesrasse, die als unfruchtbar gemeldet waren, klinisch untersucht, um die Ursachen der Sterilität festzustellen.
174 Büffel und 186 Kühe erwiesen sich als gravid; bei den restlichen 3330 Büffeln wurden folgende Sterilitätsursachen festgesteflt: 81,74 % Hypofunktion der Ovarien, 12,55 % Corpus luteum persistens; 3,12 % Stillbrünstigkeit; 2,4 % Endometritis, 0,12 % Eierstockszysten.
Bei den 1675 Kühen war die prozentuale Verteilung der Sterilitätsursachen ähnlich wie bei den Büffeln. 相似文献
174 Büffel und 186 Kühe erwiesen sich als gravid; bei den restlichen 3330 Büffeln wurden folgende Sterilitätsursachen festgesteflt: 81,74 % Hypofunktion der Ovarien, 12,55 % Corpus luteum persistens; 3,12 % Stillbrünstigkeit; 2,4 % Endometritis, 0,12 % Eierstockszysten.
Bei den 1675 Kühen war die prozentuale Verteilung der Sterilitätsursachen ähnlich wie bei den Büffeln. 相似文献