Plastic mulch and indigenous microorganism effects on yield and yield components of cauliflower and tomato in inland and coastal regions of Bangladesh

Production gaps exist in vegetable crops at the farm level in inland and coastal regions of Bangladesh and these gaps could be minimized using different innovative/new agricultural technologies and improved crop management practices. The present study was conducted to compare yield, yield components of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and income of smallholder vegetable farmers within different innovative technology practices (with plastic mulch and indigenous microorganism (IMO) vs. without plastic mulch and IMO) at Baliakandi, Rajbari (inland region); and Dashmina, Patuakhali; and Charfession, Bhola (coastal region) in Bangladesh. Yield and gross margins of cauliflower and tomato with plastic mulch and IMO were higher compared with no plastic mulch and no IMO, regardless of location. At Baliakandi, Rajbari, cauliflower yield with plastic mulch was 42.5 t ha^–1, which was a 24.3% improvement over cauliflower yield obtained without plastic mulch (34.2 t ha^–1). At Charfession, Bhola, the highest yield of tomato (57.6 t ha^–1) was obtained with IMO compared with tomato yield (49.2 t ha^–1) without IMO, indicating a 17.1% improvement in yield. Similar trends were obtained at Dashmina, Patuakhali. The difference in gross margin between tomato with and without plastic mulch was US$ 1146 ha^–1 at Dashmina, Patuakhali. Similar trends were obtained in other locations. Innovative agricultural technologies have the potential to increase yield and income of smallholder vegetable farmers in inland and coastal regions of Bangladesh.     

阿克苏河流域平原型水库水质特征研究

本文对阿克苏流域的三座大型平原水库,即上游水库、胜利水库和多浪水库在枯水期和丰水期的水质进行了监测分析,比较了各水库不同水期水质现状,并对监测指标进行了因子分析。结果表明:三座水库枯水期污染程度比丰水期高。水质污染物可分抑制性因子(F1),包括NH3-N、SO42-、Cl-和矿化度以及富营养性污染指标(F2),包括TN、TP和CODMn。目前水库水质主要由第一因子F1决定。枯水期水质污染大小次序为胜利水库>上游水库>多浪水库,而丰水期为多浪水库>胜利水库>上游水库。三座水库水质与引水河流的水质污染指标之间存在极显著相关性。     

新疆经济发展与环境污染关系研究

利用新疆1990-2005年经济与环境统计数据,建立了人均GDP与典型环境指标关系计量模型并分析了两者之间关系。分析结果表明:该时段新疆人均GDP与环境指标之间没有明显的"倒U"型关系;工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量、工业粉尘排放量和工业固体产生量随着经济的发展总体呈现出上升趋势,原因是新疆工业发展较快,还是粗放型为主,环境污染治理投资主要用于提高污染物处理率和达标排放率;仅有工业烟尘排放量呈现出随经济发展降低趋势;新疆目前现状符合经济发展初期随着经济发展环境质量下降的理论。     

新疆天山西部岩面生地衣群落最小面积的初步研究

我们采用Sφrensen和Kulcinsky平均相似性系数，研究了分布在天山西部山脉的岩面生地衣群落的最小面积。结果表明，岩面生地衣群落的定性和定量最小面积分别为30－60cm^2和40－70cm^2，同时证明了整体取样技术适合岩面生地衣的植物群落学研究。     

Hematology and serum biochemistry of captive Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) in Wildlife Reserves Singapore

The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) faces threat of extinction due to illegal trafficking of its scales for the purpose of traditional medicine in the Asian region. Ex-situ captive breeding and reintroduction programs have been identified to be a key effort in the conservation of the species. The establishment of blood parameters for captive Sunda pangolins are vital to assess the health in these animals during health assessments. The objective of this study is to establish blood parameters for captive Sunda pangolins and compare the blood parameters with the established blood reference ranges for rescued wild Sunda pangolins in Singapore. Blood parameters for hematology and serum biochemistry were established from 13 clinically normal captive Sunda pangolins. Male captive Sunda pangolins were found to have significantly (P<0.05) higher potassium compared to the female captive Sunda pangolins. Captive Sunda pangolins were found to have significantly (P<0.05) lower white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil counts, alanine phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorus and significantly (P<0.05) higher PCV, TP, globulin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) when compared with rescued wild Sunda pangolins from the previous study.     

污灌对土壤-植物体系中养分迁移的影响

本文就污灌对土壤-植物体系中有机质及N、P、K等的含量变化的影响进行了研究。结果表明:污灌可使土壤K素的含量增加幅度最大为27.0%,但由于氨的挥发、硝化及反硝化作用易造成氮素损失。土壤-植物体系对有机污染物有较强的净化能力。0～60!的土层对有机质、N、P有一定的富集作用,有利于植物吸收利用。而植物对K素的吸收利用率较低。植物对养分的吸收积累顺序为叶>根>茎,P>N>K素。从不同植物的吸收情况来看,榆树对养分的吸收则明显优于苹果树和山桃。相关分析表明:表层土壤中有机质与N、P、K含量密切相关。     

Seroepidemiological study of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in animals in Saudi Arabia

Serological prevalence of IgG antibodies against Rift Valley fever (RVFV) virus was investigated in 22 major localities in five different regions of Saudi Arabia where vaccination against RVF virus (RVFV) is not practiced. The study excludes the southwestern region where a major outbreak of RVF occurred in 2000 and where annual vaccination of ruminants is practiced. Sheep and goat IgG-sandwich ELISA were used to test serum samples from sheep and goats, and bovine IgG-sandwich ELISA was used to test cattle sera. A nonspecies-specific, nonantibody isotype-specific ELISA was used to test camel sera. A total of 3,480 sheep, goats, cattle and camels with no previous history of vaccination against RVFV were randomly tested. All tested animals were negative for IgG class antibodies against the virus except four out of 1,508 sheep and three out of 913 goats, which tested positive. All animals were clinically normal and no evidence was found of virus activity in the studied areas. It is, therefore, most likely that those rare positive cases, which constituted 0.002% of the total animals tested, were either false positives or vaccinates smuggled from the outbreak zone. The need for regular monitoring of animals both within the outbreak zone of 2000 and other parts of the kingdom is strongly emphasized.     

绿洲区不同苜蓿品种生长特征分析

对5个紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种各茬的株高、干草产量、叶茎比以及营养成分进行分析。结果表明,各苜蓿品种株高和干草产量随着茬次的增加而降低,但品种间各茬次存在差异;生长季内3茬的苜蓿株高和干草产量WL 323和三得利表现最好。各品种中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量第2、3茬高于第1茬,尤其是第2茬明显高于第1茬、第3茬,而粗纤维含量则相反;而品种间在主要营养物质含量方面则是三得利和WL 323表现最好。综合几项指标,三得利和WL 323在绿洲区表现特征最好,阿尔冈金表现不佳。从不同品种各茬次生产经济性状综合来看,第2茬的效应最好,可见,第2茬苜蓿是获得理想苜蓿干草的重要时期。     

Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES Experiment on the Opportunity Rover

The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Opportunity investigated the mineral abundances and compositions of outcrops, rocks, and soils at Meridiani Planum. Coarse crystalline hematite and olivine-rich basaltic sands were observed as predicted from orbital TES spectroscopy. Outcrops of aqueous origin are composed of 15 to 35% by volume magnesium and calcium sulfates [a high-silica component modeled as a combination of glass, feldspar, and sheet silicates (approximately 20 to 30%)], and hematite; only minor jarosite is identified in Mini-TES spectra. Mini-TES spectra show only a hematite signature in the millimeter-sized spherules. Basaltic materials have more plagioclase than pyroxene, contain olivine, and are similar in inferred mineral composition to basalt mapped from orbit. Bounce rock is dominated by clinopyroxene and is close in inferred mineral composition to the basaltic martian meteorites. Bright wind streak material matches global dust. Waterlain rocks covered by unaltered basaltic sands suggest a change from an aqueous environment to one dominated by physical weathering.