不同品种鸡蛋中胆固醇含量比较

<正>鸡蛋是人们日常生活中主要的食物来源之一,它富含蛋白质、卵黄素、卵磷脂等,同时又是人体所需的各种维生素和矿物元素的良好来源。然而鸡蛋的蛋黄中含有大量的胆固醇,过多的摄入可引起高血脂、血栓进而引发动脉粥样硬化等一系列心血管疾病[1]。随着人们保健意识的增强,希望能少摄入高胆固醇的食品。     

抢救新疆黑蜂纪行(三)--进阿尔泰山寻觅黑蜂

(接上期)抢救新疆黑蜂的前期工作安排就绪之后,我们就将赴新疆寻找黑蜂的方案,用电话报给农业部畜牧兽医总站品种资源管理处,徐处长马上安排杨红杰副处长给新疆畜牧厅打电话,安排落实我们赴新疆的工作。2002年9月8日从吉林出发,9月9日19:00我们一行二人从北京登上了飞往乌鲁木齐的XO9106次班机,开始了新疆之行的旅途。22:10到达乌鲁木齐机场,按预定计划乘车来到汇源酒店,自治区畜牧厅畜牧处处长田烽和副处级调研员巩巴正在等候我们。当时,田处长就把根据农业部畜牧兽医总站的电话通知所做的安排告诉我们,9月10日畜牧厅将派一辆尼桑越野吉普…     

不同日粮蛋白质水平对乌金猪肉品质的影响

旨在研究日粮不同蛋白水平对乌金猪肉品质的影响及最优肉品质所需的日粮适宜蛋白水平。选取体质量15kg左右的乌金猪90头,随机分为5组,每组18头,下设3个重复,每个重复6头。试验采用单因子随机分组设计,在体质量为15～30、30～60和60～100kg阶段的日粮蛋白水平分别为最高蛋白水平（HHP,18％、16％和14％）、中高蛋白水平（HMP,17％、15％和13％）、中蛋白水平（MMP,16％、14％和12％）、中低蛋白水平（MLP,15％、13％和11％）和最低蛋白水平（LLP,14％、12％和10％）。各组在不同生长阶段日粮能量、微量元素、氨基酸等水平固定。试验期至100kg体质量,分别在30、60和100kg体质量时屠宰,测定肉品质指标及肌肉营养成分,采用模糊综合评定系统分析并确定最优肉品质日粮适宜蛋白水平。结果表明,日粮不同蛋白水平对乌金猪不同生长阶段肌肉pH、系水力、剪切力、烹煮损失和滴水损失有明显影响,其中高、中、低蛋白组间差异显著（P〈0．05）,大理石纹评分随蛋白水平的降低而增加,低蛋白组显著高于高蛋白组（P〈0．05）。随着日粮蛋白水平的增加,肌肉中粗蛋白含量提高,在100kg体质量时达显著水平（P〈0．05）;粗脂肪、肌内脂肪和肌苷酸含量降低,不同生长阶段高、中、低能量组间差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。以大理石纹、剪切力和滴水损失为评定肉品质的代表指标,通过综合评定确定30、60和100kg体质量时最优肉品质适宜的日粮蛋白水平分别为15．88％、14．13％和11．42％。研究结果为乌金猪的合理饲养和改善肉品质提供了科学依据。     

Isolation,Identification and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Mink Serratia marcescens

In order to determine drug resistance, pathogenicity and genetic of the pathogenic bacteria in mink of Heilongjiang province, three strains were isolated from dead minks and identified. Based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility to 24 antibiotics were detected by using standard K-B paper method, and virulence assay, phylogenetic analysis were carried out at the same time. The result showed that the isolates were highly tolerance to antibacterials, could cause 100% death of mice in experimental group and were closely related to strains from activated sludge and volcanic deposits. It showed that Serratia marcescens infection of mink existed in Heilongjiang province. Strains resistance phenomenon was serious and had a strong pathogenicity, and might be originated from the environment. It was the first time that the pathogenic Serratia marcescens isolated from the mink was reported. The results provided information for the detection, identification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of related diseases.     

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in the cow

Plasma levels of flunixin were measured in heifers after a single intravenous injection (1.1 mg kg-1), using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration versus time curves were best described by a two compartment model. The distribution phase (alpha) half-life was 0.294 hours, the elimination phase (beta) half-life was 8.12 hours and the volume of distribution was 1050 ml kg-1.     

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in dogs

The pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, were studied in 6 intact, awake dogs. Plasma samples were obtained up to 12 hours after IV administration of flunixin meglumine. Flunixin concentration was determined, using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma data best fit a 2-compartment model. Distribution half-life was 0.55 hour; elimination half-life was 3.7 hours; volume of distribution (area) was 0.35 L/kg; volume of distribution at steady state was 0.18 L/kg; volume of the central compartment was 0.079 L/kg; and total body clearance was 0.064 L/hr/kg. Flunixin concentrations obtained over a 6-hour period in 3 dogs with septic peritonitis did not differ significantly from those obtained from healthy dogs.     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

青藏高原东部高寒沼泽湿地动态变化及其驱动因素研究

20世纪中后期以来,在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下,青藏高原湿地生态系统变的极其敏感和脆弱。运用遥感与地理信息系统技术,以Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像为主要数据源,解译了青藏高原东部甘南和川西北地区1991、2000、2010和2016年4个时期的沼泽湿地;利用转移矩阵和湿地动态度,分析了沼泽湿地的空间变化、转移方向和变化速率;采用景观指数,分析了沼泽湿地景观格局变化;结合气象数据和相关统计资料并利用灰色关联度法,分析了沼泽湿地变化的驱动因素。结果表明: 1)研究区沼泽湿地主要分布在东北部,1991-2016年4个时期的面积分别为6739.89、6231.39、5849.59和5649.35 km²,处于持续减少的状态,26年间面积共减少了1090.54 km²。2)26年来,研究区沼泽湿地的动态度从-7.54%减小至-3.42%,面积变化速率持续减慢,高寒草地是沼泽湿地转出和转入的主要类型。3)沼泽湿地的斑块数量先增加后减少,斑块密度持续增大,反映了沼泽湿地的破碎程度增高;最大斑块指数先降低后小幅升高,斑块形状指数先升高后小幅下降,反映了沼泽湿地的优势度降低,景观形状趋于复杂化;分离度指数先增大后小幅减小,聚集度持续降低,反映了沼泽湿地从单独紧凑的状态趋向离散化发展。4)人为因素是影响青藏高原东部沼泽湿地面积变化的首要原因,其次受到气候因素的影响,各因子影响力大小依次是牧业生产总值>国民生产总值(GDP)>人口数量>温度>蒸发量。沼泽湿地面积与各因子呈明显的负相关关系,面积随牧业生产总值、GDP、人口数量、温度和蒸发量的增加而减小。     

VEGF在绵羊生殖管道中的表达规律

以不同发情周期雌性绵羊子宫、输卵管为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学技术,针对血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在绵羊子宫、输卵管的表达、定位和变化规律进行了检测,同时应用相关图像分析软件对抗原染色强度进行了定量分析。结果表明：输卵管在发情0～15d,VEGF表达量在第9天达到峰值后经历波动逐渐下降过程,输卵管内膜上皮细胞是VEGF抗原的主要靶细胞;而子宫角在发情0～15d,VEGF表达量在第5天达到峰值后经历波动逐渐下降过程,子宫内膜固有层及腺体周围细胞为VEGF抗原的主要靶细胞。该研究结果为绵羊生产中进一步提高受胎率和妊娠率及频密产羔等技术的应用提供了科学依据。     

Bad基因在黄体期绵羊生殖器官中表达的比较研究

以黄体期小尾寒羊和萨福克羊为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学技术,针对Bad基因在母羊生殖器官卵巢,输卵管和子宫中的表达与定位进行初步研究,在卵巢中Bad基因均在多数黄体细胞中表达;在输卵管宫管结合部、峡部和壶腹部的分泌细胞Bad基因均有不同程度的表达,未发现纤毛细胞Bad阳性细胞;子宫内膜腺体小泡表达Bad阳性,子宫内膜子叶、基质的阳性细胞数极少,阳性细胞呈轻度着色,显弱阳性.利用计算机图像分析技术测量小尾寒羊和萨福克羊Bad基因表达的阳性细胞率和平均光密度,Bad基因在这两种绵羊组织中的表达规律大体相似,也存在一些明显的差异:萨福克羊的黄体细胞较小尾寒羊中的细胞凋亡更明显,萨福克羊输卵管伞部和壶腹部上皮Bad阳性细胞率均高于小尾寒羊,小尾寒羊子宫内膜子叶和基质Bad阳性细胞率和平均先密度均显著高于萨福克(P＜0.01).结果表明,小尾寒羊和萨福克羊生殖器官中细胞凋亡的差异与Bad基因表达的差异,可能是造成两者繁殖力高低差异的基础.