小麦条锈病病害流行空间动态电算模拟的初步探讨——Ⅰ.圆形传播

 在国内已发表的两个小麦条锈病流行电算模拟模型的基础上,将研究的病害传播范围等分成一定大小的正方形小区,并以其为空间传播的计量单元,确定各小区的方位和间距。利用Mackenzie的病害直线传播梯度模型,通过试验建立回归预测式求得b值。并根据子代病叶总数与子代发病中心病情的定量关系,求出中心点病情a。再经过随机数转换和重叠侵染转换,与已有的日传染率、潜育期模型相结合,组建了"XRZD-1"电子计算机模拟模型。通过多次循环可以推算和打印出逐日的各小区病害数量及形象化图形。实现了病害时间动态和空间动态的协同模拟。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

黄土高原典型植被覆盖下SPAC系统水量平衡模拟

应用土壤-水-大气-植物整合模型(SWAP),在野外观测试验基础上对坡耕地(豆地)、长芒草地和苜蓿草地土壤-植被-大气系统中的水循环进行了数值模拟.结果表明,土壤水分和储水量模拟结果与实测值具有很好的一致性;长芒草地水分收支基本平衡,苜蓿草地的水分支出是坡耕地(豆地)的1.38倍,其中苜蓿的蒸腾耗水量是坡耕地(豆地)的3.88倍,这是引起苜蓿草地群落过度消耗土壤储水而呈现负补偿的主要原因.农地退耕还林还草后会增加SPAC系统水分支出,如果植被群落耗水过大很可能使土壤干化.     

Effect of ensiling whole crop oat with lucerne in different ratios on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling different ratios of whole crop oat to lucerne on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of silage on the Tibetan plateau. Four experimental treatments were produced varying in the ratio of forages on a fresh matter (FM) basis: 1) 100% oat (control, dry matter (DM) content: 317 g/kg), 2) 90% oat + 10% lucerne (OL10, DM content: 316 g/kg), 3) 80% oat+ 20% lucerne (OL20, DM content: 317 g/kg) and 4) 70% oat+ 30% lucerne (OL30, DM content: 318 g/kg). All treatments were packed into laboratory‐scale silos and ensiled for 60 days and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 15 days. Further, the four experimental treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study the nutrient digestibility. All silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents and V‐scores (evaluation of silage quality). Increasing the lucerne proportion increased (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content of silage, whereas neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre contents were not affected. Under aerobic conditions, the control silage showed higher (p < 0.05) yeast counts (>10⁵ cfu/g FM) followed by OL10 silage, and OL10 silage improved aerobic stability for 74 h. OL20 and OL30 silages showed fewer (p < 0.05) yeasts (<10⁵ cfu/g FM) and markedly (p < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability (>360 h). After 48‐h incubation, OL30 silage increased (p < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDFD) compared with the control silage. These results suggest that replacing oat with lucerne had no unfavourable effects on fermentation quality of silage, but improved CP content, aerobic stability IVDMD and IVNDFD. OL30 silage was the best among the three mixed silages.     

固化土结构沼气池试验研究初报

固化土结构沼气池是在传统以砖砌体沼气池和混凝土现浇沼气池建造基础上，利用土壤固化技术建造的一种新型户用水压式沼气池。将固化土作为池底结构材料和池壁材料，在冲积土、紫色土、黏土等3种土壤条件下建造了不同组合模式的固化土结构沼气池。经破坏性极限压力试验表明，所建沼气池均符合国家《户用沼气池质量检验验收规范GB/T4751-2002》标准。对固化土结构沼气池与传统沼气池建造成本进行详细分析，结果表明，由于部分建池材料实现就地取材，商品建材的使用量和运输量减少，建池成本降低，具有显著的经济效益和广阔的推广前景。     

涉农高校技术转移中心管理模式研究

针对农业技术的特点,农业科技成果转化有其自身的规律和特征,涉农高校技术转移管 理部门要建立推转一体化的管理模式。以安徽农业大学和江南大学的模式,有效的将横向合同 管理,公益推广体系、知识产权建设及平台搭建有机结合起来。     

黑龙江省汤原县团结林场森林资源调查情况分析

从3个方面分别介绍了黑龙江省汤原县林业局所属的团结林场的自然、资源及经济情况。     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

大豆耐盐性种质的分子标记辅助鉴定及其利用研究

大豆耐盐种质的鉴定对于促进大豆耐盐育种具有重要作用。本文利用已获得的大豆耐盐性基因的共显性PCR标记，对选自于国家作物种质库的59份耐盐和盐敏感种质加以鉴定，同时进行了田间耐盐性重复鉴定，并对种质库耐盐性记载结果、田间耐盐性重复鉴定结果与分子标记鉴定结果进行比较，从中选出田间耐盐性重复鉴定结果与分子标记鉴定结果一致的耐盐种质42份，分析了这些种质间的遗传多样性，为大豆处质资源的改良及耐盐遗传育种中的亲本选配提供了理论依据，同时对分子标记应用于种质鉴定和育种实践进行了有益的尝试。     

Mode I interlaminar fracture property of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Bamboo is a unidirectional fiber-reinforced bio-composite. Once having cracks, the delaminating propagation is not controlled by the strength but by the interlaminar fracture toughness. In this paper, the behaviors of Mode I (crack opening mode) interlaminar fracture parallel to grain of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were studied. Based on energy theory, the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, G _IC, was measured using the double cantilever beam specimens, and the fracture surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results show that: (1) the interlaminar fracture toughness of Mode I is the basic characteristic of bamboo material. The mean value of G _IC = 358 J/m² (coefficient of variation = 16.88%) represents the resistance arresting crack propagation. No significant difference was found for G _IC among the specimens located at different heights of the bamboo. (2) Due to the low G _IC of bamboo, the crack propagation parallel to grain developed easily. The crack was a self-similar fracture without fiber-bridging. On the fracture surfaces, smooth fibers and plane ground tissue were found at the extended area of Mode I fracture along the longitudinal direction. Under scanning electron microscope, it could be seen that the crack propagation developed along the longitudinal interface between fibers or ground tissue. It indicates that the longitudinal interface strength was weak among bamboo cells.