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41.
42.
G Zamaratskaia J Babol A Madej EJ Squires K Lundström 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(3):168-172
This study describes the age-related variation in boar taint compounds, skatole and androstenone, and testosterone, oestradiol-17 beta (E17 beta), oestrone sulphate (ES), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), triiodothyronine (T(3)) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in six boars. Three pairs of littermates of crossbred entire male pigs (from three Yorkshire x Duroc dams and one Hampshire sire) were included. Blood samples were taken at the age of 9-15 weeks and thereafter at weekly intervals from the age of 20-32 weeks. Plasma concentrations of skatole, androstenone, testosterone, E17 beta, ES, DHEAS, T(3) and IGF-1 were measured. We found that skatole levels in boars increased at the age around puberty after an increase in the levels of testicular steroids. Levels of skatole were not associated with the levels of sex steroids, T(3) and IGF-1. However, the increased level of testicular steroids is probably the underlying factor needed for high skatole levels to occur although the specific mechanism leading to increased skatole levels remains unknown. 相似文献
43.
Georgea Bignardi Jarretta Pedro Primo Bombonato Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz Guimar?es 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(3):356-360
Ultrasonography is currently used in veterinary medicine to examine the anatomy and physiology of internal organs and to establish normal standards for exotic animal species. Specifically, the kidneys may be evaluated and measured in length, width, and height. The kidneys in 33 oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), including 20 males and 13 females, were opportunistically located, characterized, and measured by ultrasound using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer at two different zoologic facilities in S?o Paulo, Brazil. Renal volume was calculated from these linear measurements. The mean linear measurements and volume of the right and left kidneys were not significantly different. 相似文献
44.
George?J.?VandemarkEmail author Niklaus?J.?Grünwald 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(4):309-316
Aphanomyces euteiches causes severe root rot of peas. Resistance is limited in commercial pea cultivars. Real-time fluorescent PCR assay specific for A. euteiches was used to study the relationship between disease severity and pathogen DNA content in infected peas. Five pea genotypes ranging in levels of resistance were inoculated with five isolates of A. euteiches. Plants were visually rated for disease development and the amount of pathogen DNA in roots was determined using the PCR assay. The susceptible genotypes Genie, DSP and Bolero tended to have significantly more disease and more pathogen DNA than the resistant genotypes 90-2079 and PI 180693. PI 180693 consistently had less disease, while 90-2079 had the lowest amount of pathogen DNA. The Spearman correlation between pathogen DNA quantity and disease development was positive and significant (P < 0.05) for three isolates, but was not significant for two other isolates. This suggests that the real-time PCR assay may have limited application as a selection tool for resistance in pea to A. euteiches. Its utility as a selection tool would be dependent on the correlation between disease development and pathogen DNA content for a given pathogen isolate. The accuracy and specificity of the real-time PCR assay suggests considerable application for the assay in the study of mechanisms of disease resistance and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants. 相似文献
45.
Karel?PetrzikEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(4):355-360
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV, genus Ilarvirus) was detected in pears, a previously non-reported virus host. No symptoms were visible on the hosts leaves. Seventeen out of 22 randomly selected pear trees in Italy (Lombardy) and in three regions in the Czech Republic were ApMV-infected. All nine newly sequenced ApMV isolates from pears had a 15-nucleotide insertion in the capsid protein gene in identical position of that of apple isolates compared with isolates from hop and prunes. The insertion is the most prominent (but not essential) modification of the capsid protein gene, which results in a phylogenetic separation of ApMV isolates into three clusters. Sequence analysis data of an additional 15 isolates revealed a sequence correlation with kernelled fruit trees (apple and pear). 相似文献
46.
Zaida Mu?oz Assumpció Moret Sandra Garcés 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):331-337
The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the
percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%). 相似文献
47.
Weed control, an important practice in agroecosystems to protect crop production, is usually achieved with herbicides. However,
these pesticides are expensive, pose potential risks to the environment, may affect some beneficial organisms indirectly,
and decrease overall arthropod biodiversity, including pests and their natural enemies, by removing weeds that might act as
hosts or shelters for many organisms. The activity density response of important surface-dwelling arthropod predators (ground
beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae], ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] and spiders [Arachnida: Araneae]) to herbicides (trifluralin
and paraquat), and to two alternative weed management practices (rye straw mulch and mechanical treatment to maintain weeds
below threshold levels, in comparison with an untreated check), was assessed using pitfall traps. The mulch treatment had
the greatest effect on activity density, reducing the number of predators trapped significantly (P<0.05). Herbicide use resulted in significant (P<0.05) reductions in the activity density of ground beetles. Most predators were trapped in the check plots — which had the
highest weed biomass, followed in turn by numbers trapped in the threshold weed control treatment, the full herbicide application
and the mulch treatment plots.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2002. 相似文献
48.
Phytophthora root rot, caused byPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is the most important disease of avocado (Persea americana Miller). In an attempt to identify root rot-resistant rootstocks that could ultimately be used under conditions in southern
Florida, we screened open-pollinated progeny of avocado from the National Germplasm Repository in Miami. From 1996 to 1998,
a total of 2,355 seedlings from 51 accessions were examined in potting mix artificially infested withP. cinnamomi. Most seedlings developed severe root rot, but tolerance was observed in some families (i.e., progeny of certain accessions). Although the most susceptible families developed mean disease ratings of up to 97% root
necrosis, mean ratings for the most tolerant families were less than 60%. There was also a strong relationship between the
racial background of the female parent and the tolerance of seedlings. Seedlings of the West Indian race and hybrids between
it and the Guatemalan race were significantly more tolerant than those from other parents (P< 0.05). Individuals in several
families developed < 50% root necrosis, the arbitrary standard of tolerance in this study. Twelve families accounted for 82%
(188 of 229) of the tolerant seedlings, and only two of these did not have a West Indian or Guatemalan × West Indian pedigree.
Broad-sense heritability for PRR tolerance was 0.45. This is the first report on the inheritance of PRR tolerance in avocado
and on the influence of genotype and racial pedigree under controlled conditions. 相似文献
49.
Reducing copper use in the environment: the use of larixol and larixyl acetate to treat downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in viticulture 下载免费PDF全文
50.
The optimum conditions for pigment production by Ae. liquefaciens was found to be 30 °C and aerobic incubation, and the properties of the pigment are shown to be similar to those of the synthetic dopa-melanin referred to. The enzyme phenol oxidase was demonstrated in the culture filtrates, but not in extracts of disintegrated cells. As precursors for the pigment production, which was shown to be strictly pH dependent, DL-tyrosine, DL-dopa and catechol were used with success, while numerous other amino acids failed. The significance of the pigment as a criterium for the identification of strains which are pathogenic to certain animals or fishes, is not known. 相似文献