Modeling of urban trees’ effects on reducing human exposure to UV radiation in Seoul,Korea

A mathematical model is constructed for quantifying urban trees’ effects on mitigating the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the ground within different land use types across a city. The model is based upon local field data, meteorological data and equations designed to predict the reduced UV fraction due to trees at the ground level. Trees in Seoul, Korea (2010), produced average UV protection factors (UPF) for pedestrians in tree shade at solar noon (May to August) of 8.3 for park and cemetery land uses and 3.0 for commercial and transportation land uses. The highest daily UPF was 11.8 in the park and cemetery land uses, which has the highest percent canopy cover. This UV model is being implemented within the i-Tree modeling system to allow cities across the world to estimate tree effects on UV exposure. Understanding the impacts of urban trees on UV exposure can be used in developing landscape design strategies to help protect urban populations from UV exposure and consequent health impacts.     

非充分灌溉条件下多目标整数规划配水模型构建

农业用水面临可用水资源匮乏、面源污染严重的现状,通过综合考虑非充分灌溉对经济效益、作物品质和环境效应的影响从而实现农业水资源合理配置具有重要的现实意义。该研究基于非充分灌溉和灰水足迹理论,建立不确定性下经济-品质-环境多目标整数规划模型,对河套灌区作物生育期内的灌溉水量进行分配,得出了经济、品质和环境3种不同偏好水平下的决策方案。结果表明：偏好于环境目标的情景灌溉程度主要为33%,67%的灌溉程度次之,亏缺灌溉的程度更大;偏好于经济目标的灌溉程度大部分为100%,亏缺灌溉的程度较小;偏好于品质目标时则介于前述两种情况之间。通过与仅包括经济、品质和环境单目标的模型对比可见,多目标模型更兼顾品质指标、经济效益和灰水足迹,可以使得各项指标均处于总体较好的情况,其中番茄品质-经济-环境多目标模型品质指标为8.7,经济效益为21.3×108元,灰水足迹为1.62×104 m3,灌溉水量为3.51×107 m3,瓜类品质-经济-环境多目标模型品质指标为[25.3,32.7],经济效益为[9.2×108,24.8×108]元,灰水足迹为[1.94×104,3.15×104] m3,灌溉水量为[6.32×107,7.62×107] m3,各指标表现更佳。模拟结果可为不同情景下灌溉水合理配置提供参考。     

马链球菌马亚种新疆株ZX表面蛋白的提取及免疫原性分析

为研究马链球菌马亚种新疆分离株 ZX 表面蛋白的免疫原性,用化学法提取该菌的表面蛋白,用 SDSG PAGE检测提取的表面蛋白,并将提取的表面蛋白与该菌免疫实验兔后产生的抗体及康复马血清反应,利用 WestG ernGblotting和 ELISA试验分析其免疫原性.结果表明,SDSGPAGE电泳可检测到分子量为45,34,33,30,27,20,16 kDa 7条主蛋白带.提取的7条蛋白带多数可与全菌免疫兔的抗体及康复马体内的抗体发生特异性的结合.用提取蛋白和全菌包被 ELISA对马血清的检测表明,二者的阳性吻合率在86．0％.表明提取的表面蛋白具有理想的免疫原性.     

ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） in China

To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. The mean genetic similarity coefifcient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and ifve subpopulations based on neighbor-joining （NJ） clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identiifed. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to lfesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed small but signiifcant difference between white and orange-lfeshed sweet potato accessions. Small but signiifcant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.     

植物淹水胁迫对各生理特性的影响概述

在概述植物对淹水胁迫各种适应方式的基础上,重点从植物激素和各种酶的活性以及发酵途径、形态上的影响等方面,对近年来植物抗淹水胁迫适应性的研究进展作简要评述.     

土壤团聚体稳定性的研究概述

土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元.土壤团聚体的稳定性与土壤养分流失的发生密切相关.从土壤团聚体的形成、影响团聚体稳定性的因素、团聚体的分散等方面,对近年来土壤团聚体稳定性的研究做一概述.     

橡胶沥青制作工艺的研究

根据改性沥青的作用机理理论,通过室内试验确定合适的橡胶沥青制备方法,对由不同制备工艺的橡胶沥青的针入度、软化点、延度、黏度及弹性恢复率进行分析比较,结果表明：反应温度低于180℃时,低温变形能力及高温稳定性差,过高的温度导致橡胶沥青的脱硫及老化,反而达不到预期的结果,胶粉与沥青反应的最佳温度为190℃;胶粉不宜小于30目,胶粉粒径大,橡胶沥青低温性能差,粒径越小,黏度越高,低温变形能力越好。价格随胶粉细度增大而增大,经过经济性分析,胶粉的合适目数为60目;最佳掺量为24%（外掺）,掺量高不仅提高造价,而且降低沥青的施工性能。     

不同时期叶面喷施多效唑对桃成花及FT基因表达的影响

为阐明多效唑(PP333)对桃叶片FT基因表达的影响,选用桃2年生中农红久保(01-04-190)、03-15-065和03-30-035于2012-04-28—09-01叶面喷施2mg/g的PP333,分析花芽量、花芽比率及FT基因表达量的动态变化。结果表明:自然条件下,FT基因在05-05—05-26期间活跃表达,6/23后FT基因关闭。04-28—05-12喷施PP333对3个品种中FT基因表达显著降低,且对于01-04-19和03-15-0650的花芽数量与花芽比率也无影响。05-26—07-07喷施PP333,诱导FT基因继续或再次启动表达,花芽量和花芽比率均显著增加;而07-21后喷施PP333显著降低FT基因表达,但仍然能显著增加花芽量,并显著提高花芽比率。     

种植业家庭农场对农户人均纯收入的影响评价———以上海市松江区为例

以全国家庭农场迅猛发展为背景,基于匹配倍差模型分析了种植业家庭农场对农户人均纯收入的影响.结果表明,家庭人口越多,劳动力受教育年限越长的农户越倾向于选择经营家庭农场.农户经营家庭农场以后,人均工资性收入和人均出租土地收入将会受到负向影响,人均种植业纯收入以及人均转移性收入则会受到正向影响,而人均纯收入则会极显著性的提高.从政策层面上看,应在条件成熟的地区适度普及、推广家庭农场,促进农业的快速发展.     

STS教育在高职物理教学中的渗透

在物理教学中渗透"STS"教育是深化物理教育的一个重要途径.它在提高学生的科学素质、学习科学的兴趣、解决实际问题的能力上,都起着非常重要的作用.本文主要从结合教学内容向学生介绍物理科学技术,向学生讲解与工业、农业、医学等密切相关的知识和技术,鼓励学生参与重大社会问题的研究和对教师的素质要求等方面进行STs教育在高职物理教学中的渗透的探讨.