汽油机水泵性能试验方法的研究

目前,汽;由机水泵质量参差不齐,特别是流量和扬程等性能参数合格率不高。一定程度影响了农业生产率的提高。泵的水力性能试验方法标准GB／T3216是直接引用ISO9906国际标准,它是关于回转动力泵水力性能的通用试验方法,其主要是针对回转动力泵作为独立试验对象的情况,并未考虑到水泵及其配套动力作为一个整体试验对象的情况,围绕汽油机水泵的特点对性能试验方法进行了研究。     

洱海湖滨区畜禽粪便污染与资源化利用措施

通过对洱海湖滨区畜禽生产及其粪便污染与利用现状进行调查研究,针对生产中存在的问题,提出控制污染加快畜禽粪便资源化利用措施。     

Antioxidant functions of selected allium thiosulfinates and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides

Pure thiosulfinates, R-S(O)S-R (2), where R = Me (2a), Pr (2b), or All (2c), at levels up to 4 mM were not capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion. Relative to standard antioxidants (ascorbic acid, n-propyl gallate, butylated hydroxytoluene, Trolox, and reduced glutathione), these thiosulfinates were 1-3 orders of magnitude less efficient at reducing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 0.5-2 orders of magnitude less efficient at quenching singlet oxygen, and about equally effective at scavenging hydroxyl radical. Generally, AllS(O)SAll (2c) was the most effective and PrS(O)SPr (2b) was the least effective thiosulfinate in these assays, except that MeS(O)SMe (2a) exhibited no quenching effect toward singlet oxygen. These thiosulfinates were also incapable at levels up to 0.1 mM (where they were toxic) of in vitro induction of quinone reductase (QR) in murine hepatoma (hepa 1c1c7) cells. However, S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (isoalliin, 1a) and cycloalliin (3) induced QR in this system at 2 mM and 1 mM, respectively, although doubling of QR required levels of 10-15 mM.     

便携式水产品四环素含量检测装置研制

针对水产品四环素残留的便捷化精准检测难题,该研究研制了一种四环素含量检测的便携式直读光电化学装置,并探究了装置用于鱼肉四环素残留检测的可行性。装置分别以LED和STC89C52单片机为激发光源和控制核心,利用设计的光源暗室避免外源光照对检测结果的影响。测试结果表明,LED激发光源的输出信号稳定,装置对于光电流信号的采集具有较好的准确性。进一步基于丝网印刷电极构建光电化学适配体传感器,采用所研制装置对信号进行采集与处理,最终以OLED显示器直接读取抗生素浓度信息。该方法对于四环素检测的线性范围为1?10-11～1?10-8 mol/L,检测限为3?10-12 mol/L,具有较好的选择性,且对于鱼肉四环素残留检测的回收率为92%～94%,为水产品四环素的精准现场分析提供了新的方法与途径。     

Preparation of Titanate Whiskers Starting from Metatitanic Acid and Their Adsorption Performances for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) Ions

The accumulation of metals and nutrients in biosolid-amended soils and the risk of their excess uptake by plants is a topic of great concern. This study examines the elemental uptake and accumulation in five vegetable plants grown on biosolid-applied soils and the use of spectral reflectance to monitor the resulting plant stress. Soil, shoot, root, and fruit samples were collected and analyzed for several elemental concentrations. The chemical concentrations in soils and all the plant parts increased with increase in applied biosolid concentrations. The Cu and Zn concentrations in the plant shoots increased in the order of collard?<?radish?<?lettuce?<?tomato?<?pepper. The Cu and Zn concentrations accumulated significantly in the fruits of the tomato plants compared to other plants. Among all the plants, the shoot concentration factor (SCF) of Zn was significantly higher for pepper plants, indicating increase in uptake of Zn. The shoot relative uptake index (SRUI) of Cu and Zn increased in the order of collard?<?radish?<?lettuce?<?tomato?<?pepper. The shoot dry weight and spectral reflectance of the radish plants in the near-infrared (NIR) region (800–1,300 nm) decreased significantly with increase in biosolid concentration compared to other plants. Increase in plant stress with increase in biosolid dose was evident in radish plants through significant reduction in Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI). This study indicates the potential use of spectral reflectance as a tool for the screening and monitoring of stress-sensitive plant species and their physiology and as a result, indirectly assesses the chemical concentrations in soils and plants.     

有机肥和无机肥对水稻土产甲烷的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了二种有机肥和五种无机肥对淹水稻上产甲烷细菌数量和甲烷释放量的影响。结果表明有机肥对产甲烷菌数量和甲烷释放量均有较大的促进作用,其中以绿肥最为显著。无机肥料的施用处理中,NH4HCO3、（NH4）2SO4、CO（NH2）2和NH4Cl对水稻土产甲烷细菌数量的增加和甲烷释放量均略有促进作用,而施NaNO3处理的对甲烷释放总量有较明显的抑制作用。     

长期施氮对谷子根系内生真菌群落特征的影响

为探讨长期施氮对作物运输根和吸收根内生真菌群落特征的影响及其机制.以农田长期定位施肥试验(1995—2019年)为基础,通过高通量测序技术,研究长期5个施氮肥处理(CK、N1、N2、N1P、N2P.其中CK、N1、N2施氮量分别为0,55.2,110.4 kg/hm2)对谷子不同功能根内生真菌群落组成和结构的影响.结果...     

模糊数学和污染指数法在土壤重金属污染中的应用

依据土壤质量评价中所存在的模糊性和渐变性的特点,采用模糊数学和污染指数法对长春市土壤中重金属(Pb、Cu、Ni,Zn)综合污染状况进行环境质量评价,并进一步对各评价因子在不同功能区的污染程度和来源进行分析.结果表明,长春市土壤环境质量基本上为二级水平,已超过中国土壤自然背景值.各功能区土壤环境优劣顺序为工业区＞住宅区＞郊区耕地＞公园＞开发区;不同功能区各评价因子在土壤中污染水平差异较大,主导污染因子为Ni,已经达到中度污染水平,除此之外,Pb污染较重.     

Inhibitory effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on human colon cancer cells: a side-by-side comparison

The effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene (two structurally related stilbene compounds) on three human colon cancer cells were systematically compared. Cell viability tests indicated that IC(50) values of pterostilbene were 2-5-fold lower than those of resveratrol in all three cancer cells. Pterostilbene was also more potent in inhibiting colony formation of all three cancer cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide costaining assay and Western blotting analysis showed pterostilbene had a stronger apoptosis-inducing effect, which was evidenced by the higher percentage of annexin V positive cells and higher levels of cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins in cancer cells treated with pterostilbene compared with resveratrol. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that intracellular levels of pterostilbene were 2-4-fold higher than those of resveratrol after treatments with individual compounds at the same concentration. Overall, the results demonstrated that pterostilbene had more potent inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells than resveratrol, which may be associated with the superior bioavailability of pterostilbene to resveratrol.     

黑龙江垦区农村居民点与田块间适宜耕作半径及影响因素

为探明黑龙江垦区农村居民点的适宜耕作半径及主要影响因素,该文以黑龙江农垦总局建三江管理局所辖八五九农场为研究区,以农场内的农村居民点为研究对象,利用2010年国土资源第二次调查矢量数据库,通过空间分析和多元线性回归的方法,进行了定量化的研究。研究结果表明:研究区内各个管理区的适宜耕作半径均值是5 055 m,耕作半径的最大、最小值分别为7 438和3 265 m;平均耕作半径对应农机出行时间为20 min,摩托车出行时间为10 min;适宜耕作半径与水田种植比例、土地面积、聚居居民点与对应连队几何中心偏差距离均值的显著性检验F值远大于F0.01,三者对适宜耕作半径具有极显著的影响,三者的回归系数依次为-17.892、0.208、-0.147,即水田种植比例较高的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较小;土地面积较大的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较大;偏差距离均值较大的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较小。