农用拖拉机油耗的微机模拟研究

文中介绍了应用微机研究拖拉机耗油的方法。该方法以理论分析为基础,结合经验关系式建立了拖拉机油耗的微机模拟模型。模型输出与田间实验测得的数据进行了比较。比较结果表明,除了发动机转速特别低的情况下,计算油耗与实际测得的油耗基本一致。本文还利用该模拟模型分析了影响拖拉机油耗的因素。正确有效的操作可提高燃油利用率。     

A retrotransposon-mediated gene duplication underlies morphological variation of tomato fruit

Edible fruits, such as that of the tomato plant and other vegetable crops, are markedly diverse in shape and size. SUN, one of the major genes controlling the elongated fruit shape of tomato, was positionally cloned and found to encode a member of the IQ67 domain-containing family. We show that the locus arose as a result of an unusual 24.7-kilobase gene duplication event mediated by the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Rider. This event resulted in a new genomic context that increased SUN expression relative to that of the ancestral copy, culminating in an elongated fruit shape. Our discovery demonstrates that retrotransposons may be a major driving force in genome evolution and gene duplication, resulting in phenotypic change in plants.     

Transmembrane segments of syntaxin line the fusion pore of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis

The fusion pore of regulated exocytosis is a channel that connects and spans the vesicle and plasma membranes. The molecular composition of this important intermediate structure of exocytosis is unknown. Here, we found that mutations of some residues within the transmembrane segment of syntaxin (Syx), a plasma membrane protein essential for exocytosis, altered neurotransmitter flux through fusion pores and altered pore conductance. The residues that influenced fusion-pore flux lay along one face of an alpha-helical model. Thus, the fusion pore is formed at least in part by a circular arrangement of 5 to 8 Syx transmembrane segments in the plasma membrane.     

Functional links between Aβ toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast

Aβ (beta-amyloid peptide) is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We modeled Aβ toxicity in yeast by directing the peptide to the secretory pathway. A genome-wide screen for toxicity modifiers identified the yeast homolog of phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) and other endocytic factors connected to AD whose relationship to Aβ was previously unknown. The factors identified in yeast modified Aβ toxicity in glutamatergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans and in primary rat cortical neurons. In yeast, Aβ impaired the endocytic trafficking of a plasma membrane receptor, which was ameliorated by endocytic pathway factors identified in the yeast screen. Thus, links between Aβ, endocytosis, and human AD risk factors can be ascertained with yeast as a model system.     

植物的离子吸收动力学研究的现状和前景(综述)

本文以文献及作者在果树上的研究为基础,对植物离子吸收动力学的基本概念、研究方法、影响动力学参数的主要因素和在果树营养研究中的应用,以及离子吸收动力学的意义和发展前景进行了述评。     

双峰驼血液蛋白多态性遗传的研究(摘要)

作者对136峰双峰驼的血液蛋白多态性作了分析,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、后白蛋白(Pa)和运转蛋白(Tf)得出的结果表明:双峰驼的Hb,Alb,Pa和Tf只有一种基因型,而且全部纯合,不表现多态性现象。同时还发现6个月以下的幼驼没有驼羔血红蛋白存在。     

蔬菜高效施药装置药量专家系统测试

为了满足蔬菜高效施药的精确性和便捷性,借助信息技术手段将专家知识库存贮在单片机芯片中,通过快捷的选择调用达到蔬菜高效施药的目的。本文介绍了高效施药装置专家系统的工作原理,并通过试验验证了其理论施药量和实际控制值具有较好的一致性。     

Sinapine detection in radish taproot using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Plant research and natural product detection are of sustainable interests. Benefited by direct detection with no sample preparation, sinapine, a bioactive chemical usually found in various seeds of Brassica plants, has been unambiguously detected in radish taproot (Raphanus sativus) tissue using a liquid-assisted surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS). A methanol aqueous solution (1:1) was nebulized by a nitrogen sheath gas toward the corona discharge, resulting in charged ambient small droplets, which affected the radish tissue for desorption/ionization of analytes on the tissue surface. Thus, sinapine was directly detected and identified by tandem DAPCI-MS experiments without sample pretreatment. The typical relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method for sinapine detection was 5-8% for six measurements (S/N=3). The dynamic response range was 10(-12)-10(-7) g/cm2 for sinapine on the radish skin surface. The discovery of sinapine in radish taproot was validated by using HPLC-UV methods. The data demonstrated that DAPCI assisted by solvent enhanced the overall efficiency of the desorption/ionization process, enabling sensitive detection of bioactive compounds in plant tissue.     

锤片式粉碎机分段圆弧筛片设计与粉碎性能试验

针对锤片式粉碎机工作过程中物料环流层影响粉碎性能的特点,设计了分段圆弧筛片代替环形平筛,使锤筛间隙不断变化,破坏环流层,改善粉碎机性能。试验研究表明,针对4KB型锤片式粉碎机设计的15种分段圆弧筛片中,当分段圆弧半径为76mm,间距为97mm时,粉碎机的生产率最高,比环形平筛增加了29.8%,度电产量增加了26.6 %,过度粉碎现象得到了改善,物料粒度也比较均匀,温升明显降低。     

玉米秸秆芯结构建模与径向压缩过程模拟

为了深入研究实芯作物秸秆的压缩特性,以农大108玉米秸秆芯为研究对象,基于秸秆各向异性、非均质、非线性特点,先通过径向压缩试验获取其粘弹性参数,然后应用ANSYS软件建立了玉米秸秆芯横截面圆柱有限元结构模型,并进行径向压缩过程和应力松弛过程的数值模拟.研究表明,五参量广义麦克斯韦模型能较好地描述玉米秸秆芯应力松弛特性,模型拟合参数的试验值与有限元模拟值误差均小于10％.试验验证了玉米秸秆芯模拟结果的可行性和计算模型的有效性.