兔出血症的研究

从呼和浩特市郊区分离1株兔出血症病毒,命名NM株,对其进行了病毒理化、生物学特性检测,并研究了应用SPA协同凝集试验诊断兔出血症的方法。结果表明,病毒在兔体连续传6代,均出现典型症状及病理变化,是1株毒力稳定的强毒株,病毒粒子在电镜下呈球形,直径30.3nm,无囊膜,边缘有均匀排列的齿状突起,有实芯(占40.6％)和空芯(占59.4％)2种病毒粒子。还有少量形态不一、大小不等的类似病毒的粒子。用冷酚法提取的病毒核酸,经二苯胺显色及紫外扫描,证明为DNA。病毒的蔗糖浮密度为1.192g/ml,对氯仿、乙醚及胰蛋白酶不敏感,耐酸(pH5、pH3)耐热(50℃、56℃、60min)。病毒对人的各型红细胞有高度凝集性。经氯仿、乙醚、酸(pHs、pH3),热(50℃、56℃ 60min)处理后血凝价不降或稍降,经胰蛋白酶处理后血凝价明显降低(降5个滴度)。37℃放置4h,4℃冰箱放置48h血凝价不降,4℃放置4～13d降低一个滴度,15d降2个滴度。兔体血清HI抗体滴度与保护力呈正相关,1∶40以上可以完全抵抗强毒攻击。用内蒙古生物制药厂生产的兔出血症组织灭活苗免疫兔,可以抵抗强毒的攻击。采用原代乳兔肾细胞、Vero及BHK_(21)传代细胞,培养病毒均未成功。应用SPA协同凝集试验诊断兔出血症,特异性和可靠性均好,可作为本病的1种快速诊断方法。     

酶制剂对雏鹅代谢激素和生化指标的影响

18只7日龄雏鹅，随机分成为对照组和试验组，饲以大麦（占45％）基础日粮，试验组添加0．1％的Biokyowa粗酶制剂。试验期为7－21日龄，21日龄采取血样，测定其中激素含量和生化指标。结果显示：与对照组比较，酶制剂使21日龄雏鹅血糖水平高13．95％（P＜0．01），胰岛素有升高的趋势，胰岛血糖素低28．05％（P＜0．01）；血浆谷丙转氨酶活性较对照组升高14．53％（P＜0．05），而尿酸浓度却下降35．37％（P＜0．01）；添加粗酶制剂后，血浆的TSH和T3分别较对照升高11．76％和11．43％（P＜0．05）。以上结果表明：酶制剂通过解除饲料中β-葡聚糖的抗营养作用，影响机体代谢激素水平，改变糖和蛋白质的代谢，从而促进雏鹅的生长。     

农用拖拉机油耗的微机模拟研究

文中介绍了应用微机研究拖拉机耗油的方法。该方法以理论分析为基础,结合经验关系式建立了拖拉机油耗的微机模拟模型。模型输出与田间实验测得的数据进行了比较。比较结果表明,除了发动机转速特别低的情况下,计算油耗与实际测得的油耗基本一致。本文还利用该模拟模型分析了影响拖拉机油耗的因素。正确有效的操作可提高燃油利用率。     

A retrotransposon-mediated gene duplication underlies morphological variation of tomato fruit

Edible fruits, such as that of the tomato plant and other vegetable crops, are markedly diverse in shape and size. SUN, one of the major genes controlling the elongated fruit shape of tomato, was positionally cloned and found to encode a member of the IQ67 domain-containing family. We show that the locus arose as a result of an unusual 24.7-kilobase gene duplication event mediated by the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Rider. This event resulted in a new genomic context that increased SUN expression relative to that of the ancestral copy, culminating in an elongated fruit shape. Our discovery demonstrates that retrotransposons may be a major driving force in genome evolution and gene duplication, resulting in phenotypic change in plants.     

Transmembrane segments of syntaxin line the fusion pore of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis

The fusion pore of regulated exocytosis is a channel that connects and spans the vesicle and plasma membranes. The molecular composition of this important intermediate structure of exocytosis is unknown. Here, we found that mutations of some residues within the transmembrane segment of syntaxin (Syx), a plasma membrane protein essential for exocytosis, altered neurotransmitter flux through fusion pores and altered pore conductance. The residues that influenced fusion-pore flux lay along one face of an alpha-helical model. Thus, the fusion pore is formed at least in part by a circular arrangement of 5 to 8 Syx transmembrane segments in the plasma membrane.     

地高辛标记质粒探针监测卡那霉素耐药性的研究

 用 Eco R 单酶切卡那霉素抗性质粒 ,经 DNA纯化回收 4.34 1kb的目的基因片段。以随机引物法 ,用地高辛进行标记 ,制备成探针 ,成功建立了斑点杂交法和菌落原位杂交法用于检测猪源大肠杆菌对卡那霉素的耐药性 ,结果表明与药敏试验阳性的符合率为 10 0 % ,说明建立的探针技术可以用于猪源大肠杆菌对卡那霉素的耐药性监测。     

Functional links between Aβ toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast

Aβ (beta-amyloid peptide) is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We modeled Aβ toxicity in yeast by directing the peptide to the secretory pathway. A genome-wide screen for toxicity modifiers identified the yeast homolog of phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) and other endocytic factors connected to AD whose relationship to Aβ was previously unknown. The factors identified in yeast modified Aβ toxicity in glutamatergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans and in primary rat cortical neurons. In yeast, Aβ impaired the endocytic trafficking of a plasma membrane receptor, which was ameliorated by endocytic pathway factors identified in the yeast screen. Thus, links between Aβ, endocytosis, and human AD risk factors can be ascertained with yeast as a model system.     

Clonal production and organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex

The neocortex contains excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Clones of neocortical excitatory neurons originating from the same progenitor cell are spatially organized and contribute to the formation of functional microcircuits. In contrast, relatively little is known about the production and organization of neocortical inhibitory interneurons. We found that neocortical inhibitory interneurons were produced as spatially organized clonal units in the developing ventral telencephalon. Furthermore, clonally related interneurons did not randomly disperse but formed spatially isolated clusters in the neocortex. Individual clonal clusters consisting of interneurons expressing the same or distinct neurochemical markers exhibited clear vertical or horizontal organization. These results suggest that the lineage relationship plays a pivotal role in the organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex.     

Polycrystalline CVD Diamond Films with High Electrical Mobility

Advances in the deposition process have led to dramatic improvements in the electronic properties of polycrystalline diamond films produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It is now possible to produce CVD diamond with properties approaching those of IIa natural diamonds. The combined electron-hole mobility, as measured by transient photoconductivity at low carrier density, is 4000 square centimeters per volt per second at an electric field of 200 volts per centimeter and is comparable to that of the best single-crystal IIa natural diamonds. Carrier lifetimes measured under the same conditions are 150 picoseconds for the CVD diamond and 300 picoseconds for single-crystal diamond. The collection distance at a field of 10 kilovolts per centimeter is 15 micrometers for the CVD diamond as compared to 30 micrometers for natural diamonds. The electrical qualities appear to correlate with the width of the diamond Raman peak. Also, although the collection distance at the highest fields in the films nearly equals the average grain size, there is no evidence of deleterious grain boundary effects.     

植物的离子吸收动力学研究的现状和前景(综述)

本文以文献及作者在果树上的研究为基础,对植物离子吸收动力学的基本概念、研究方法、影响动力学参数的主要因素和在果树营养研究中的应用,以及离子吸收动力学的意义和发展前景进行了述评。