满江红作为家禽益生元的可行性研究

用分别添加0．5％、1％与10％满江红的配合饲料喂1日龄AA肉鸡，21日龄、42日龄的体重0.5％、1％添加组显著高于10％添加组和对照组（P〈0．05）。0．5％、1％添加组鸡只粪便的双歧杆菌和乳酸茵的总数较对照组增多60％，而大肠杆菌数量则下降67％。不同浓度的满江红溶液，添加于培养基中，进行体外增茵和抑茵试验，满江红对双歧杆菌体外增殖和大肠杆菌体外抑制均有良好的效果。以上结果表明，满江红可以作为家禽益生元。     

甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传研究

采用7×7双列杂交设计,研究了甘蓝型油菜含油量的基因作用和其它遗传参数,以及含油量与其它农艺性状、品质性状的关系。结果表明:含油量的遗传符合加性—显性遗传模型,有关基因在亲本中呈独立分布;显性指向增效,表现超显性作用;亲本中显性基因比隐性基因多,增效基因比减效基因的频率大;控制含油量并表现显性的基因约为4组;含油量的广义和狭义遗传力分别为81.16％和30.90％。单相关和逐步回归分析一致表明,单株产量、每角粒数、主花序长度和株高对含油量有较强正向作用,但角果长度和全株总角果数的作用为负。本文还讨论了基因作用分析在探讨配合力的基因效应成分和杂种优势产生的可能原因中的意义,及其在选择中的应用。     

Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Flours and Starches from Waxy and Nonwaxy Wheats

A waxy spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype was fractionated into flour and starch by roller and wet‐milling, respectively. The resultant flour and starch were evaluated for end‐use properties and compared with their counterparts from hard and soft wheats and with commercial waxy and nonwaxy corn (Zea mays L.) starches. The waxy wheat flour had exceptionally high levels of water absorption and peak viscosity compared with hard or soft wheat flour. The flour formed an intermediate‐strength dough that developed rapidly and was relatively susceptible to mixing. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffractometry showed waxy wheat starch had higher gelatinization temperatures, a greater degree of crystallization, and an absence of an amylose‐lipid complex compared with nonwaxy wheat. Waxy wheat and corn starches showed greater refrigeration and freeze‐thaw stabilities than did nonwaxy starches as demonstrated by syneresis tests. They were also similar in pasting properties, but waxy wheat starch required lower temperature and enthalpy to gelatinize. The results show analogies between waxy wheat and waxy corn starches, but waxy wheat flour was distinct from hard or soft wheat flour in pasting and mixing properties.     

山东省推广小麦品种面团品质性状及聚类分析

对山东省近年推广种植的24个小麦品种的面团品质性状,包括粉质仪参数和泊尔辛克值等,进行了系统测定和聚类分析。为山东省有计划地进行小麦品质改良提供信息和依据。     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

First report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing tumor disease of Populus koreana in China

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In May 2018, a bacterial tumor disease was observed on Populus koreana in Shuangyang county, Changchun city, Jilin Province. Based on physiological...     

转基因抗虫三系杂交棉邯杂棉13号选育及栽培技术

邯杂棉13号于2021年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,在冀中南春播植棉区平均生育期120 d,株高103.7 cm,铃重6.4 g,抗枯萎病、耐黄萎病、抗棉铃虫;2018―2019年河北省冀中南春播杂交棉区域试验中,邯杂棉13号每666.7 m²平均籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别为269.3 kg、113.5 kg和102.2 kg。简述了转基因抗虫三系杂交棉邯杂棉13号的选育过程、特征特性、栽培技术措施及制种技术要点。     

Protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats on UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo

UVB radiation proves to be one of the most relevant environmental risks because of its hazardous effects, such as premature skin aging and especially skin photocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins, water-soluble pigments present in plants, are known to be powerful antioxidants that help protect plants from UV damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seed coats on UVB-induced apoptosis, and furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism responsible for regulation of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with anthocyanins reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species levels and inhibited UVB-induced apoptotic cell death through the prevention of caspase-3 pathway activation and reduction of proapoptotic Bax protein levels. UVB irradiation induced apoptotic cell death, which was inhibited by topical application of anthocyanins in hairless mice. It is concluded that anthocyanins from the seed coat of black soybeans may be useful compounds to modulate UVB-induced photoaging.     

多泵多塔多节点的供水系统水泵工况点的确定

本文针对多泵多塔多节点的供水系统,给出用迭代计算确定水泵工况的计算方法,并给出在电子计算机上实现上述计算的程序的步骤。