高粱A2型胞质在中国的研究与利用

高粱A2型质核互作雄性不育系是美国高粱育种家舍尔茨教授于1976年创制,1979年引入中国。它的细胞质来自埃塞俄比亚,细胞核产自印度。A2型不育性是由一对细胞核基因和细胞质基因共同作用。不育系的基因型是S2(ms2ms2),其保持系的基因型是F2(ms2ms2),恢复系的基因型是F2或S2(Ms2Ms2)。对A1型不育系恢复或保持,大多对A2型也恢复或保持,少数恢复系呈保持型,说明A2具有更广泛的保持源。温度是影响育性的主要因子,在自然条件下,A2不育系雌蕊败育轻或不败育,雄蕊遇高温可散出花粉,使不育系产生少量自交结实。A2型胞质主要农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力与A1胞质无明显差异。山西省农科院1987年育成了第一个在生产中可以利用的A2细胞质雄性不育系V4A,并组配出A2型杂交种——晋杂12。该杂交种于1997年获山西省科技进步二等奖。以A2V4为母本组配并经省级审定杂交种5个。因此,该不育系的创制,于1998年获国家发明三等奖。原四平市农科院,用A2TAM428与南133组配成四杂25号,于2002年获吉林省科技进步二等奖。吉林省农科院用A2型不育系培育出吉杂80、吉杂83、吉杂96、吉杂97,辽宁农科院育出辽杂10等在生产中大面积推广。文中讨论了非迈罗胞质的育性反应及利用问题。     

鸡传染性法氏囊炎病毒的分离与提纯

取接种4周龄雏鸡的法氏囊,经匀浆,高速离心,超速离心,CsCI 密度梯度离心,可获得纯化的鸡法氏囊炎病毒(IBDV)条带。通过电子显微镜观察,说明 IBDV 呈球状,直径约60nm,无囊膜,其浮力密度为1.32g/ml。本试验所分离的病毒粒子的平均含量为957μg/ml,病毒有活力,并具有抗原的特异性。     

播种机多项性能检测及图形打印装置

开发了一种基于8031单片机的播种机多项性能检测装置。该装置具有脉冲计数、统计计算、显示打印等功能。结合不同的传感器，可以完成播种机排种均匀度和排种数、排种器轴的转速、拖拉机前进速度、播种机地轮滑移以及拖拉机驱动轮滑转等多项检测。速度检测能够打印曲线，排种检测除能打印统计数据外，还能够以点阵图形打印出种子在种沟分布的田间效果模拟图。     

设施栽培中限根对油桃幼树叶片叶绿素含量、叶干重变化的影响

研究了设施栽培中限根对沪油018幼树叶片叶绿素含量、叶片干重的变化特点。结果表明:(1)限根幼树在秋季枝条停长后,不同限根处理第1～8叶位叶片叶绿素含量均表现为“升—降—升”;相同叶位处理TR2各个叶位单位叶面积叶绿素含量均低于CK和TR1,CK仅在第1、8叶位较TR1高,而其它叶位均低于TR1。(2)测定盛花后19～262d树冠外围枝中部完全展开功能叶的叶绿素变化动态,结果不同限根处理Chla、总叶绿素含量与Chl(a/b)的变化均表现“降—升—降”的变化规律。限根对Chlb的季节变化进程的影响差异明显。(3)不同限根处理下比叶重的季节变化差异明显,但总的呈上升趋势。叶片干重含水量%的季节变化总的呈下降趋势,不同限根处理间的变化动态差异明显。     

Efficient multistep photoinitiated electron transfer in a molecular pentad

A synthetic five-part molecular device has been prepared that uses a multistep electron transfer strategy similar to that of photosynthetic organisms to capture light energy and convert it to chemical potential in the form of long-lived charge separation. It consists of two covalently linked porphyrin moieties, one containing a zinc ion (P(Zn)) and the other present as the free base (P). The metailated porphyrin bears a carotenoid polyene (C) and the other a diquinone species (Q(A)-Q(B)). Excitation of the free-base porphyrin in a chloroform solution of the pentad yields an initial charge-separated state, C-P(Zn)-P(.+).-Q(A)(-)-Q(B), with a quantum yield of 0.85. Subsequent electron transfer steps lead to a final charge-separated state, C(.+)-P(Zn)-P-Q(A)-Q(B)(.-), which is formed with an overall quantum yield of 0.83 and has a lifetime of 55 microseconds. Irradiation of the free-base form of the pentad, C-P-P-Q(A)-Q(B), gives a similar charge-separated state with a lower quantum yield (0.15 in dichloromethane), although the lifetime is increased to approximately 340 microseconds. The artificial photosynthetic system preserves a significant fraction ( approximately 1.0 electron volt) of the initial excitation energy (1.9 electron volts) in the long-lived, charge-separated state.     

论新时期现代农业的内涵、特征及科技对策

现代农业是高效益多功能、高度科技依存型、生态环境友好、高投入高保护的产业,具有生物化、信息化、安全化、环保化、循环化、标准化的新特征。面对中国粮食安全、食品安全、农业资源安全和生态环境安全的重大需求,必须进一步加强现代农业科技创新,进一步增加对现代农业科技的高投入,建立并完善国家支持现代农业科技发展的长效机制,建立农业科技基础研究、应用研究、技术开发与产业化相互协调与相互促进的管理模式,创新农业科技成果转化机制、建立农业科技应用保障体系。     

基于灰色系统理论的耕地动态变化规律

依据河南省某县耕地面积历年资料,运用灰色系统方法建立了该县耕地面积GM(1,1)预测模型,经检验模型精度高。为该县保持耕地总量平衡,切实保护耕地,合理进行土地利用规划提供了重要依据。     

建设有地方特色的社会主义新农村——以南京市为例

进一步理解中央关于建设社会主义新农村的内涵,以南京市为例分析了新农村建设的难点,提出了建设有南京特色的社会主义新农村的举措。     

Effects of Cd and Pb pollution on soil enzymatic activities and soil microbiota

Based on a representative sampling method and pot experiment with different concentrations of Cd and Pd, the enzymatic activities (urease, phosphatase, catalase, invertase), population of bacteria, fungus and actinomycete in the soil, the Cd and Pd pollution status of soil samples (from the wastewater-irrigated area of Baoding suburb) were appraised. Unitary linear and nonlinear curve-fitting optimization models were applied in the research, and the relationship between Pb and Cd causing pollution and enzymatic activities of the tested soils were discussed. The research may provide a theoretical basis for protecting the environment in the region of Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei province, prevent soil pollution, and ascertain biochemical indexes, which reflect soil heavy metal pollution levels. The research results indicated that: (1) there was obvious accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wastewater-irrigated area, also the accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is more than that in fresh water-irrigated soil, and accumulation on surface layer was more than that in the lower layer. Pb and Cd contents in the tested soils exceeded the standards of soil background values for some major cities at home and abroad and the world soil Cd and Pb contents range. This means that the tested soil had reached a lightly polluted level; (2) there existed an obvious negative correlation between soil enzymatic activities and Pb and Cd contents in wastewater-irrigated soil, where the soil urease and catalase activities decreased obviously with the increase of Pb and Cd contents in soil. Therefore, the urease and catalase can be considered as biochemical indexes that reflect the degree of soil Pb and Cd pollution; (3) the pot experiments indicated that the influence of Cd on soil enzymatic activities was greater than that of Pb. Generally, the effect of Cd on soil phosphatase, urease, catalase is more obvious than that on invertase, while Pb has a more obvious effect on invertase than Cd; (4) pot experiments of triple cropping showed that, Cd and Pb had an obvious inhibiting effect on microbes. The influence sensitivity of Cd and Pb on different microbes was ordered as bacteria > actinomycete > fungus. Cd had a greater inhibiting effect on microbes than Pb, the influence of Cd and Pb on actinomycete and fungus was relatively smaller, therefore, bacteria can be chosen as an important index that reflects the effect of Cd and Pb on microbe sensitivity.     

水稻黄矮病毒结构蛋白的分离及其小鼠腹水抗体的制备

从人工接种感染黄矮病毒(Rice Yellow Stunt Virus,RYSV)的水稻茎杆中提取得到了部分纯化的RYSV制品,病毒制品经Tricine-SDS-PAGE得到分子量分别为84 kD,60 kD,31 kD和29.5 kD的4条主要蛋白带和分子量为170kD和43kD的两条次要蛋白带。根据弹状病毒结构蛋白命名法,按分子量大小依次命名为L,G,N,NS,M_1和M_2蛋白。从电泳凝胶上切下G和N蛋白带,制成抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠;制得G和N蛋白小鼠腹水抗体。经Dot-blot试验测得N蛋白抗体效价为1:1000,G蛋白抗体效价为1:400。