Concentration of steroid sex hormones in the plasma of hens in relation to oviduct tumours

1. The concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined in the plasma of layer breeder hens at the end of their first laying season, in relation to neoplasms of the oviduct, including magnum tumours and leiomyomas. 2. The plasma concentration of E2 was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous hens indicating it may be involved in the development of oviduct tumours. 3. The plasma concentrations of P in tumorous and non-tumorous hens were not significantly different, suggesting no active role of P in the aetiology of the tumours. 4. The E2: P ratio was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous hens. This ratio could be of value in predicting hens at risk of developing oviduct tumours.     

Survival of faecal streptococci in raw and pasteurised egg products

1. The ability of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium strains to survive in egg albumen and liquid whole egg before and after laboratory pasteurisation was studied.

2. Pasteurisation of egg albumen caused a decrease in viable cells of less than 10‐fold, while pasteurisation of whole egg caused decreases of more than 100‐fold in only two of the eight strains studied. After growth in whole egg, some strains were more resistant to pasteurisation in whole egg.

3. Strep, faecalis multiplied in raw and pasteurised whole egg but not in egg albumen.

4. Strep, faecium multiplied in raw and pasteurised whole egg only after an initial decline in viability which was not shown by cells adapted to whole egg. Together with storage temperature this affected the number of viable cells after a storage period of 5 d.

5. In raw and pasteurised egg albumen Strep, faecium strains lost viability; this was maximal at 37 °C and more cells survived as the storage temperature decreased.     

New urban habitat for endangered humpback whales: San Francisco Bay

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Neutrophil chemotaxis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Chemotactic responses of isolated peripheral blood neutrophils from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were studied, using a micropore filter method. Cell migration toward zymosan-activated serum was similar to that of human cells, whereas the response to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) was weaker than was that in human cells, requiring higher concentrations of FMLP for maximal migration. Optimal FMLP concentrations for attraction of rhesus neutrophils and human neutrophils were 5.0 X 10(-7)M and 1.0 X 10(-8)M, respectively. The chemotactic responses of the 2 neutrophils to complement (zymosan-activated serum) were similar. However, rhesus neutrophils required a higher concentration of the formyl peptide, FMLP, for maximal migratory response.     

Incorporation of grass silage,whole cereal grains,cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment

Summary The growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. Poor quality grass silage (pH 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g DM/day of a supplementary concentrate. Rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. Rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize or 667 g/kg sorghum showed improved daily liveweight gains (22.6 g) over rabbits fed whole grains and pelleted supplements (19.4 g) in an experiment lasting 40 days. In a second experiment there were no significant effects of pelleting or type of cereal on liveweight gain or feed conversion ratio. Pelleting significantly improved crude protein digestibility of diets whilst maize diets were superior in DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities. The inclusion of cottonseed meal containing 700 mg/kg free gossypol in diets at levels of 150 and 300 g/kg did not affect growth rate or feed conversion in rabbits weighing 0.92 kg initially. These diets contained up to 364 g/kg cassava suggesting that this ingredient can be used in rabbit diets as an energy source in replacement for whole grains.

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Incorporacion De Ensilaje De Pasto, Granos Enteros De Cereales, Yuca Y Torta De Algodon En Dietas De Conejos Mantenidos En Ambientes Tropicales Simulados

Resumen Se investigó, el crecimiento y la conversión de alimentos de conejos alimentados con uno u otro de los siguientes productos: ensilaje de pasto, granos enteros de cereales, concentrado peletizado, o yuca/torta de algodón. El ensilaje de pasto de calidad baja (PH 4.9), fue rechazado casi totalmente por los conejos jovenes inicialmente, alimentados con 17.8 g. o 35.5 g. MS/día de un concentrado suplementario. Los conejos que estaban bajo una dieta más baja de concentrados, perdieron 0.35 g. de peso vivo por día. Los conejos que inicialmente pesaban 1.77 kg, los cuales fueron alimentados con dietas completamente peletizadas, que contenían 667 g/kg maíz o 667 g/de sorgo, ganaron 22.6 g. de peso vivo/día en comparación a conejos cuya alimentación consistió en gramos enteros y suplementos peletizados (19.4 g), en un experimento que duró 40 días. En un segundo experimento, no hubo efectos significativos del peletizado, o tipo de cereal, o ganancia de peso vivo, o tasa de conversión alimentaria. El peletizado en general, mejoró significativamente la digestibilidad de la proteína cruda de las dietas, mientras que las dietas de maíz fueron superiores en digestibilidad de la MS, materia orgánica y proteína cruda. La inclusión en dietas de torta de algodón con 700 mg/kg de gosipol libre, a niveles de 150 y 300 g/kg, no afectó la tasa de crecimiento o la conversión alimenticia en conejos que pesaron 0.92 kg inicialmente. Estas dietas contenían hasta 364 g/kg de yuca, sugiriendo que este ingrediente puede usarse en dietas para conejos, como fuente de energía y en reemplazo de granos enteros.

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Incorporation d'Ensilage d'Herbe, De Grains Entiers De Cereales, De Farines De Manioc Et De Graine De Coton Dans La Ration De Lapins Places Dans Un Environnement Tropical Simule

Résumé On a examiné la croissance et l'indice de consommation de lapins nourris soit d'ensilage d'herbe ou de grains complets et, en supplément d'un concentré en pellets ou de rations de manioc/graine de coton. L'ensilage d'herbe de pauvre qualité (pH 4,9) est presqu'entièrement rejeté par les jeunes lapins recevant initialement un supplément concentré à 17,8 g ou 35,5 g DM/jour. Les lapins soumis au plus faible niveau de concentré perdent 0,35 g de poids corporel par jour. Dans une expérience durant 40 jours, les lapins pesant initialement 1,77 kg recevant une ration entièrement en pellets contenant 667 g/kg de maïs ou 667 g/kg de sorgho accusent un gain de poids journalier (22,6 g) par rapport à des lapins recevant des grains entiers et un supplément en pellets (19,4 g). Dans une seconde expérience, ni la pelletisation, ni le type de céréale n'ont eu d'effet significatif sur le gain de poids journalier ou l'indice de consommation. La pelletisation améliore de manière significative la digestibilité de la protéïne brute des rations alors que les rations de maïs sont supérieures en DM, matière organique et digestibilité en protéïne brute. L'incorporation dans la ration de farine de graine de coton contenant 700 mg/kg de gossypol libre au taux de 150 et de 300 g/kg n'affecte pas la croissance ni l'indice de consommation chez des lapins pesant initialement 0,92 kg. Ces rations contiennet jusqu'à 364 g/kg de manioc, ce qui permet de suggérer l'utilisation de cet ingrédient dans la nourriture des lapins en tant que source d'énergie en remplacement des grains entiers.