用水户协会管理模式比较与改进对策

发展农民用水户协会,激励农民参与灌溉管理,明确小型水利产权和管护主体。以奥斯特洛姆的多中心治理理论为基础,分析用水户协会管理模式与多中心治理理论原则的耦合性,从自主治理的视角对典型用水户协会管理模式进行比较,分析各种管理模式存在的问题,从多中心治理角度提出完善用水协会多元决策机制和多中心治理结构等改进对策。     

加强农业技术推广体系建设的对策

近年来农村的发展逐渐受到重视,农村的建设也取得了比较好的效果。当前为了更好地促进农业的发展和农村的建设,加强农业技术推广体系的建设逐渐得到认可。农业技术推广对于转变农业发展方式,促进农业经济的发展和农村的建设有着积极的作用。但是农业技术的推广中也遇到了一些困难,当前需要及时解决农业技术推广的障碍,更好地促进农业的发展。     

基于HYDRUS-2D的地下滴灌下水分运移数值模拟研究

利用HYDRUS-2D软件模拟了地下滴灌条件下滴头周围黏壤土的土壤水分动态,并与田间观测进行对比;通过分析不同滴头流量对试验地土壤湿润模式的影响,明确了最佳灌水技术参数。结果表明,HYDRUS-2D软件模拟结果与观测值一致,体积含水率均方根误差为1.2%~4.5%,湿润范围均方根误差变化范围为2.1~3.87cm。     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

Attitudes and perceptions of veterinary paraprofessionals in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats

AIM: To survey the attitudes and perceptions of veterinary paraprofessionals in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats.

METHODS: In December 2011, veterinary paraprofessionals (VP) from throughout New Zealand were invited to participate in an online survey. Eleven questions, which were divided into five sections, were used to determine demographic information, the respondents’ assessment of pain after commonly performed surgeries in dogs and cats, their opinions on provision of analgesia, who had responsibility for pain monitoring and the use of any formal pain scoring system in the practice.

RESULTS: Data from 165 respondents were able to be used, and 162 (98%) respondents to the survey were female. According to the respondents’ estimates, fracture repair in dogs and repair of diaphragmatic hernias in cats had the highest pain score following surgery. Neutering procedures involving dogs were scored higher than for cats (p<0.01). All respondents agreed that animals benefit from perioperative analgesia. The veterinary nurse was reported to be predominantly responsible for monitoring pain in animals postoperatively by 116/165 (70.3%) respondents. Of 165 respondents, 154 (93%) considered that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced.

CONCLUSIONS: This survey reflects the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of VP in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats. The results indicate that all respondents believe that surgery results in sufficient pain to warrant analgesic therapy. Routine neutering surgeries were considered to be more painful in dogs than in cats. The current survey also provides information to educators on potential areas of focus, given that 93% of respondents felt that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced.     

日光温室分段智能屋脊通风效果研究

针对现有日光温室人工通风方式劳动强度大、室内气温分布不均匀等问题,在温室内安装2台或3台智能型屋脊通风设备对温室进行2段或3段智能通风,并在北京地区冬季日光温室与人工通风控制进行了对比。结果表明:在保温被揭开期间,当采用3段智能通风时,温室内空气温度最大值与最小值之差为(1.1±0.5)℃;而2段智能控制和人工控制分别为(2.3±1.1)℃和(3.8±1.3)℃。此外,应用该智能屋脊通风技术,还能将667m2均效益提高0.97万元。因此,智能型屋脊通风设备可显著改善温室内温度分布的均匀性,提高种植的经济收益。     

濒危植物羽叶丁香组织培养

以濒危植物羽叶丁香的芽和种子为外植体,采用植物组织培养法,研究了不同消毒方法对无菌体系建立、不同浓度的蔗糖和激素组合对种子初代培养、不同基本培养基和激素组合对增殖和生根的影响,以期为羽叶丁香的组培快繁、种质资源保护和开发利用提供依据。结果表明:新枝为较适宜的外植体,适宜的消毒方式为75%酒精消毒30s,0.1%升汞消毒7min,最适增殖培养基为MS+5.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.01mg·L~(-1) IBA;最适种子初代培养基为MS+20g·L~(-1)蔗糖汁+3.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.10mg·L~(-1) IBA,最适增殖培养基为MS+7.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.05mg·L~(-1) IBA;最适生根培养基为WPM+2.0mg·L~(-1) IBA。     

不同种源山杏光合生理特性日进程研究

以12个种源的山杏为试材,采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,在自然条件下对内蒙古林木良种繁育中心,对山杏种质资源库中的12个种源的山杏光合速率日进程变化进行了测定研究,进而研究了其光合日进程变化特征和对该区环境的适应性。结果表明:各种源光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化都具有单峰、双峰和多峰3种类型,第1峰一般出现在10:00—12:00。除凉城种源外东部区各种源光合速率日均值都大于西部区各种源,科左后旗最大(4.772 5μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),而气孔导度和蒸腾速率日均值没有东部和西部种源的差异。万家沟种源光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日均值都低于其它种源,分别为1.665 5、0.041 5、0.817 8mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。依据水分利用效率大小12个种源可分为3类:水分利用效率较高的种源有克什克腾旗、科左后旗、阿鲁科尔沁;其次为扎鲁特旗、科右中旗、扎赉特旗、巴林右旗、乌兰浩特,较小的为乌拉山、凉城、敖汉、万家沟。克什克腾旗最大(4.180 7mmol/mol),万家沟最小(1.893 5mmol/mol)。根据光合能力、水分消耗和水分利用效率综合分析指出,在呼和浩特地区推广栽植的山杏种源首选克什克腾旗种源,其次为科左后旗和阿鲁科尔沁种源,其光合能力大、水分消耗小,能适应该区干旱气候条件,为该区山杏引种选育和栽培提供理论依据。     

不同遮荫棚下农田人参叶片开花期气体交换特性的研究

以3年生人参为试材,设置4种遮荫棚处理(P1M1:拱形棚覆盖蓝色棚膜;P1M2:拱形棚覆盖黄色棚膜;P2M1:梯形棚覆盖蓝色棚膜;P2M2:梯形棚覆盖黄色棚膜),采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定不同遮荫棚处理下人参叶片的相关光合参数,研究了开花期不同遮荫棚处理对人参叶片气体交换特性的影响,以期确定农田人参的最佳遮阴栽培方式。结果表明:农田人参叶片在开花期净光合速率处于高稳时期,不同遮荫棚下农田人参叶片净光合速率具有显著差异,表现为P1M1处理叶片净光合速率最高,P2M1处理次之,P2M2处理最低。蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和表观叶肉导度变化趋势与净光合速率相同。说明在拱形棚覆盖蓝色棚膜下,农田人参叶片光合代谢较强,有利于其生长,为农田人参最佳遮阴方式。     

LED连续光和不同频率间歇光对黄瓜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以"津优1号"黄瓜为试材,采用单因素方差分析方法,研究了LED光源不同发光频率对植物幼苗生长发育和光合的影响,以期获得最适宜黄瓜幼苗生长的频率和占空比组合,实现节约能源和优质高产的目标。试验设置连续光(CK)和发光频率分别是0.1 Hz(T1)、100Hz(T2)、100 000Hz(T3)的间歇光共4个处理作为黄瓜生长光源,每个处理3次重复。结果表明:频率越低,黄瓜幼苗的株高和茎叶鲜质量均显著大于对照;频率越高,黄瓜幼苗的茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、暗适应下PSII的最大量子产量均显著大于对照。不同频率的间歇光在一定程度上对黄瓜幼苗的生长和光合作用起促进作用。较低频率的间歇光可能有助于增加黄瓜幼苗干物质的积累量、植株生长率和增强植株的健壮程度;较高频率的间歇光可能有助于黄瓜幼苗的植株形态向有利于光合作用的方向发展。