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Flickinger EA Schreijen EM Patil AR Hussein HS Grieshop CM Merchen NR Fahey GC 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(8):2008-2018
Fructans are fermentable carbohydrates and include short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), inulin, and hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose, OF). Two studies with dogs were designed to examine the effects of low concentrations of fructans on nutrient digestibilities, fecal microbial populations, and endproducts of protein fermentation, and fecal characteristics. In Exp. 1, 11 adult male beagles were fed corn-based, kibbled diets supplemented with or without OF to provide 1.9 +/- 0.6 g/d. Dietary inclusion of OF decreased (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibilities, but did not affect fecal characteristics. Increasing OF concentration tended (P < 0.06) to linearly decrease fecal ammonia concentrations, but not those of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), amines, indole, or phenols. Fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and butyrate tended to be higher in OF-supplemented dogs (P < 0.10), as was the ratio of bifidobacteria to total anaerobes (P = 0.15). In Exp. 2, ileally cannulated adult female hounds were fed a meat-based kibbled diet and were assigned to four scFOS treatments (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/d) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Ileal nutrient digestibilities tended to increase (P < 0.15) with increasing concentrations of scFOS. On a DMI basis, fecal output tended to decrease linearly (P < 0.10) in response to increasing scFOS supplementation, whereas fecal score tended to exhibit a quadratic response (P = 0.12). In general, fecal concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, phenols, and indoles were not altered by supplemental scFOS. Supplementation of scFOS increased fecal concentrations of total aerobes (P < 0.05) and decreased concentrations of Clostridium perfringens (P < 0.05). From these data, it seems that low levels of supplemental fructans have divergent effects on nutrient digestibility and fermentative endproducts, but do not adversely affect nutrient digestibility or fecal characteristics and may improve colonic microbial ecology in dogs. 相似文献
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不同欧李品种(系)光合与水分利用特性比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以9种不同欧李品种(系)为试材,使用GFS3000光合测定系统测定了自然条件下叶片的光合和水分利用特性。结果表明:9种欧李品种(系)的净光合速率(Pn)、叶片气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、蒸腾比率(TR)、水分利用效率(WUE)均存在差异;在新疆生产建设兵团第十四师二二四团的生长环境下,Pn与Gs、Tr、WUE呈极显著正相关关系,而与Ci、TR呈极显著负相关关系;Ci与TR呈极显著正相关相关关系,与WUE呈极显著负相关关系;Gs与Tr呈极显著正相关关系,与TR呈显著负相关关系;Pn最高的"宏宇Ⅵ号"其WUE较高,但不是最高;WUE最高的"宏宇Ⅰ号"其Pn较高,但不是最高;"01-01号"的Pn和WUE均最低,其它品种(系)的Pn和WUE均处于中等水平,不同的欧李品种(系)通过不同方式协调自身的光合和水分利用来适应生长的环境。 相似文献
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牛体外受精胚胎衍生干细胞能力影响因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以牛卵巢卵母细胞体外受精获取囊胚期胚胎,比较体外受精牛胚胎不同获取内细胞团的方法和不同培养液对体外培养胚胎干细胞能力的影响。结果表明,囊胚期胚胎不除去透明带而直接培养产生胚胎干细胞,初次克隆率为55%;胰酶法去透明带分离的内细胞团(ICM)培养产生胚胎干细胞,初次克隆率为90%。免疫外科法去透明带分离的ICM在4种不同的培养液中,初次克隆率分别为16.4%、11.5%、21.8%、18.2%,但是其分离的ICM经传代后形成的衍生细胞不易发生分化,经过4~6代的传代,仍然保持其完整的形态,说明免疫外科法是一种理想的牛ICM分离法,培养液为D20+LIF(40ng/mL)可用于牛胚胎干细胞培养。 相似文献
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Bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in the analysis of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum led to the isolation of nine compounds; sarcophytol M (1), alismol (2), 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (3), 10-O-methyl alismoxide (4), alismoxide (5), (S)-chimyl alcohol (6), 7β-acetoxy-24-methylcholesta-5-24(28)-diene-3,19-diol (7), erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8), and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,7β,19-triol (9). Some of the isolated compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxic- and/or cytostatic activity against HeLa and U937 cancer cell lines and inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (PR). Compound 7 was strongly cytotoxic against HeLa cells (CC50 4.3 ± 0.75 µM), with selectivity index of SI 8.1, which was confirmed by real time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES). Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed strong inhibitory activity against HIV-1 PR at IC50s of 7.20 ± 0.7, 4.85 ± 0.18, and 4.80 ± 0.92 µM respectively. In silico docking of most compounds presented comparable scores to that of acetyl pepstatin, a known HIV-1 PR inhibitor. Interestingly, compound 8 showed potent HIV-1 PR inhibitory activity in the absence of cytotoxicity against the cell lines used. In addition, compounds 2 and 5 demonstrated cytostatic action in HeLa cells, revealing potential use in virostatic cocktails. Taken together, data presented here suggest Litophyton arboreum to contain promising compounds for further investigation against the diseases mentioned. 相似文献
27.
禾谷镰刀菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium gramimearum<\i>)是引起玉米茎腐病、穗腐病的主要病原菌之一。该病原菌在活体外能产生PG、PMG、PGTE和PMTE四种细胞壁降解酶,这些酶都具有酶的典型性动力学特性。细胞壁降解酶是F.gramimearum<\I>致病的一个重要因子。 相似文献
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29.
Ragab Abdelmohsen E-Mergawi ;Khalid Naser Al-Redhaiman ;Hussein F. Abouziena 《农业科学与技术》2014,(7):597-604
The effect of N levels and sources on the antioxidant components in vegetable is not completely understood. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the changes in antioxidant capacity diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total carotene and lycopene contents in edible portions of lettuce, onion and tomato due to different nitrogen levels and sources. The experiment included three N levels (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha for lettuce trial and 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha for either onion or tomato) and four nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea). The antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in lettuce was enhanced under low nitrogen level, while the antioxidant capacities, phenolics, carotenoids and lycopene in tomato fruits were not significantly affected by the nitrogen dose applied. Application of calcium nitrate caused 50% increase in DPPH and 20% in FRAP of lettuce compared to other nitrogen forms. Tomato treated with calcium nitrate or ammonium sulphate had higher phenolic and ascorbic acid contents than treated plants with ammonium nitrate or urea. Antioxidant tested parameters of onion were not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatments. Nitrogen concentration in tomato fruits significantly correlated with FRAP antioxidant capacity, phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotene and lycopene contents. 相似文献
30.
Prince M. Matova Casper N. Kamutando Marilyn L. Warburton W. Paul Williams Cosmos Magorokosho Hussein Shimelis Maryke Labuschagne Roger Day Manje Gowda 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):1-11
Deploying maize varieties with fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]; FAW) resistance, desirable product profiles (PPs) and climate resilience is fundamental for food and economic security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study reviewed and identified challenges and opportunities for effective and accelerated breeding of demand-led maize hybrids with FAW resistance and adaptation to the diverse agro-ecologies of SSA. Lessons were drawn on improving breeding efficiency through adequate genetic variation delivered via prebreeding programmes, speed breeding and a reduced breeding stage plan. Appropriate PPs aligned with demand-led breeding approaches were highlighted as foundations for variety design and commercialization. Challenges to accelerated FAW resistance breeding in maize included inadequate funds and modern tools; poor adaptation of some exotic donor parental lines; lack of information on FAW resistance among local varieties; lack of integration of molecular markers associated with FAW resistance and agronomic traits into selection plans; and limited infrastructure for FAW rearing and germplasm screening. Integration of modern breeding tools and scientific innovations were recommended for accelerated development and release of FAW resistant and market-preferred maize varieties. 相似文献