浅议一河多桥断面流量分配计算方法

本文用壅水平衡原理对最一般情况下的一河多桥断面流量分配进行了分析,计算,结果表明,用壅水平原理计算一河多桥的断面流量分配是符合实际的。     

江苏省旱育秧及抛栽稻田病虫演变规律和防治策略研究

对江苏省旱育秧和抛栽田病虫演变特征及防治对策研究表明,旱秧田主要地下害虫为蝼蛄、蚯蚓。恶苗病、苗稻瘟发病率分别是水秧田的０．９１～２．１５倍和５倍,青枯和立枯病明显上升,而１代螟虫产卵量、螟害率明显轻于水秧田。抛秧田发生病虫种类相同,但纹枯病、螟虫、卷叶螟发生明显重于常规栽插田,稻飞虱发生轻于常规手栽田。     

扦插时期、光照与密度等条件在马铃薯微型薯生产中的影响

在马铃薯微型薯生产过程中,扦插时期不同,使马铃薯植株不同物候期所处的环境条件不同,严重影响植株生物学性状及微型薯产量。试管苗扦插生根主要受温度影响,光照通过影响温、湿度对生根起作用。密度不同,植株生长受到影响,微型薯数量与产量均不同。     

脊萤叶甲的生物学特性及其防治

脊萤叶甲Theone silphoides (Dalman)是新疆荒漠草地的重要害虫。近年在新疆局部地区受害严重,并有逐年加重的趋势。该虫发生严重的地区蒿草叶片被食光,影响了畜牧业发展。蒿类植物在草地牧草产量的构成中比例大,在营养价值上如蛋白质含量超过禾本科牧草,特别是粗脂肪含量高于禾本科、豆科草类0.5～1倍,是家畜春季催乳、秋季抓瞟、冬季保膘的优良牧草;它还能抗旱、抗风沙,具有较强的固沙能力。有关脊萤叶甲的研究在国内外均未见报道。作者于1991～1995年进行了调查和防治试验,结果如下。     

森林景观信息网络化简介及其应用

介绍应用国际互联网传播森林景观信息和网上旅游服务概况,论述了森林景观数字信息的几种计算机实现方法,并展望森林景观信息网络化前景。     

In vitro and in vivo effects of rabbit anti-thymocyte serum on circulating leucocytes and production of complement fixing antibodies in thymectomized Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) infected with Cryptobia salmositica Katz 1951

Rabbit anti-thymocyte serum (RATS) against thymocytes of rainbow trout was toxic to leucocytes from intact and thymectomized rainbow trout at 10 °C under in vitro conditions. The total number of leucocytes decreased significantly in 24 h after RATS was injected intraperitoneally into intact rainbow trout, but the number returned to pre-injection level within 1 week. RATS destroyed a lower percentage of leucocytes in thymectomized fish than in intact fish under both in vitro and in vivo conditions and the recovery in the number of leucocytes was slower in thymectomized fish. The parasitaemia, packed cell volume and production of complement fixing antibody in thymectomized and intact fish (injected with RATS before Cryptobia salmositica infection) were not significantly different from control fish (not injected with RATS), and they both acquired protective immunity against cryptobiosis on recovery. This indicates that RATS is not cytotoxic to B-like cells in the lymphoid tissue which produce complement fixing antibody against C. salmositica and that the protective antigen in C. salmositica seems to be thymus-independent.     

Edwardsiella tarda infection in Korean catfish,Silurus asotus,in a Korean fish farm

Mass mortality of Korean catfish, Silurus asotus, occurred in a culture farm situated in Jeollabukdo Province, Korea. The cumulative mortality rates reached up to 5% of the total fish in the farm per day. In clinical signs, the affected fish showed abdominal distension, vent protrusion, enteritis, liver congestion and abscess‐like lesions in enlarged spleen and kidney. Histopathologically, in the liver, hepatocytes lost fat and underwent atrophy or necrosis. The spleen showed necrotized splenocytes and a haemorrhagic pulp. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cell and haemorrhage were observed. However, necrotic muscular lesions were not observed. A pure bacterial isolate was obtained from the liver, spleen and kidney lesions of affected fish. Experimental infection of normal catfish with the isolate resulted in the development of clinical signs similar to those seen on the farm. The isolates were identified as Edwardsiella tarda through biochemical tests (99.4%) and analysis of bacterial genes (16S rDNA) sequences (98%). The bacteria possessed two virulent genes: sodB and katB genes. These results suggest that E. tarda can act as a pathogen of farmed catfish. This is the first report showing that E. tarda caused mortality in cultured Korean catfish.     

Productivity of Sargassum linearifolium in potassium fortified inland saline water under laboratory conditions

Growing aquatic species in inland saline water (ISW) is one way to reduce the adverse impact of ISW to agriculture farms. This 84‐day laboratory‐trial was conducted to study the growth of Sargassum linearifolium cultured in ocean water (OW), ISW, ISW fortified with potassium equivalent to 100% (ISW100), 66% (ISW66) and 33% (ISW33) of potassium in OW at 35 g/L. The biomass and cumulative specific growth rate (SGR) of S. linearifolium increased significantly (p < .05) with increased potassium in ISW until 56 days and then declined. The ISW100 and OW resulted in similar growth patterns and yielded peak biomass at day 42, proving static biomass for the next 28 days before declining. The biomass of S. linearifolium cultured in ISW and ISW33 significantly (p < .05) decreased and was lower than in ISW100 and died after day 56. The SGR of S. linearifolium in OW, ISW100 and ISW66 levelled off and showed no difference during the first 56 days. The S. linearifolium biomass and SGR negatively and significantly (p < .05) correlated with the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate in all waters. The increased potassium concentration in ISW similar to its concentration in SW brought the growth of S. linearifolium cultured to a level that was similar in OW.     

Growth hormone attenuates branchial HSP70 expression in silver sea bream

In this study the effects of growth hormone (GH) on silver sea bream branchial heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was investigated using in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. For in-vivo experiments, sea bream were administered recombinant bream GH or the GH secretagogue hexarelin. Pituitary levels of GH were unchanged in fish administered exogenous GH but decreased on hexarelin administration, in comparison with saline controls. Levels of HSP70 were measured using immunoanalysis and it was found that both GH and hexarelin administration caused a significant decrease in branchial HSP70 abundance. For in-vitro analysis, branchial filaments were exposed to a range of GH concentrations (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) and it was found that HSP70 levels were significantly lowered in all cases. This study adds to the growing body of evidence surrounding the importance of hormones in regulating heat-shock protein expression in fish.     

Two-year surveillance of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) reveals its wide circulation in tilapia farms and hatcheries from multiple districts of Bangladesh

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen in aquaculture, reportedly affecting farmed tilapia in 16 countries across multiple continents. Following an early warning in 2017 that TiLV might be widespread, we executed a surveillance programme on tilapia grow-out farms and hatcheries from 10 districts of Bangladesh in 2017 and 2019. Among farms experiencing unusual mortality, eight out of 11 farms tested positive for TiLV in 2017, and two out of seven tested positive in 2019. Investigation of asymptomatic broodstock collected from 16 tilapia hatcheries revealed that six hatcheries tested positive for TiLV. Representative samples subjected to histopathology confirmed pathognomonic lesions of syncytial hepatitis. We recovered three complete genomes of TiLV from infected fish, one from 2017 and two from 2019. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the concatenated coding sequences of 10 segments and only segment 1 consistently revealed that Bangladeshi TiLV isolates formed a unique cluster within Thai clade, suggesting a close genetic relation. In summary, this study revealed the circulation of TiLV in 10 farms and six hatcheries located in eight districts of Bangladesh. We recommend continuing TiLV-targeted surveillance efforts to identify contaminated sources to minimize the countrywide spread and severity of TiLV infection.