1972—2005年大兴安岭林区雷击火特征及其与干旱指数的关系

对1972—2005年大兴安岭林区雷击火特征及其与Palmer干旱指数(PDSI)和Keetch-Byram干旱指数(KBDI)的关系分析表明:雷击火主要发生在5—9月,峰值出现在6月,约占全年雷击火次数的42%;雷击火的最大过火面积出现在5月和6月,约占全年过火总面积的85%。雷击火发生次数和面积的月动态均呈单峰型曲线变化,不同干旱指数的动态不同,其中KBDI的月动态呈单峰型曲线变化,5,6,7月最干旱;而PDSI则呈弱单峰型曲线变化,5月较干旱,6月和7月则较湿润。雷击火的年发生次数与9月的PDSI(R2=0.47,P<0.01)或6月和8月的KBDI(R2=0.57,P<0.01)关系密切,年过火总面积则与8月的PDSI(R2=0.20,P<0.01)或6月的KBDI(R2=0.40,P<0.01)有一定的关系。KBDI更适于描述大兴安岭林区的雷击火特征。     

气吸垂直圆盘式水稻精量排种器设计与试验

为满足水稻大田精量直播机械化需求,设计了一种气吸式垂直圆盘排种器。阐述了该排种器的工作原理,根据农艺要求和实际试验确定了其吸种孔的布置方式,通过理论计算确定了其主要结构及工作参数。开展了吸孔直径、排种盘转速和吸种负压对排种性能影响的试验研究,结果表明:影响排种性能的主次因素依次为气室真空度、排种盘转速、气室真空度与排种盘转速的交互项;最优工作参数组合为吸种孔直径1.4 mm、转速40 r/min、气室真空度1.8 kPa,在此条件下排种合格指数为82.91、重播指数为11.56、漏播指数为5.53,满足水稻的精密播种要求。      

轮式车辆动力传动系自激振动研究（Ⅱ）——自激振动系统的能量反馈与控制系统分析

提出了轮式车辆传动系的自激振动中地面附着力输给系统的振动能量和系统消耗的振动能量的计算公式，研究了该自激振动的反馈控制系统，得知在开始产生自激振动时，瞬时滑转率在地面附着力与滑转率关系曲线的负阻尼区中变化，但当自激振动的振幅增大到超过某一值后，瞬时滑转率的变化范围扩展到正阻尼区，从而控制了自激振动的振幅     

四种芽孢杆菌菌剂对甘薯不同时期产量及品质的影响

为探讨不同类型芽孢杆菌菌剂对甘薯产量和品质的影响,以苏薯16为试验材料进行田间小区试验,设置4种芽孢杆菌菌剂和对照（CK）处理,研究芽孢杆菌菌剂对甘薯不同时期产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在常规施肥基础上,施加4种不同类型芽孢杆菌菌剂均能增加甘薯产量和品质。在移栽后142d,枯草芽孢杆菌处理下甘薯的增产幅度最大,4种芽孢杆菌菌剂处理相比CK处理增产幅度为4.6%～25.4%;在整个生长期,甘薯淀粉积累量呈先增加后减少的趋势,在移栽后113d淀粉积累量达到最大值,4种菌剂处理相比CK处理增幅为2.9%～16.4%,增幅最大的是甲基营养型芽孢杆菌;甘薯可溶性糖积累量呈先减少后增加变化趋势,并在移栽后142d达到最大值,4种菌剂处理相比CK处理增幅为3.2%～34.2%,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理最显著。甘薯胡萝卜素积累量与粗蛋白含量变化趋势基本一致,均呈先增后减的变化,并在移栽后90d达到最大值,在移栽后142d其增幅分别为6.1%～29.5%和2.8%～14.5%,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理最显著。通过主成分分析综合评价得出,施加解淀粉芽孢杆菌对甘薯产量及品质的促进效果最佳。     

水稻潜根线虫生防菌筛选、鉴定及其杀线虫活性研究

水稻潜根线虫在世界各稻区均普遍发生,给水稻生产造成一定的经济损失。从前期对根结线虫有较好毒杀活性的9个菌株中筛选出对水稻潜根线虫有很好毒杀效果的菌株。结果表明,2周发酵液2.5倍稀释液处理水稻潜根线虫,菌株ZW-1和XO-2对潜根线虫毒杀活性较强,72h的死亡率分别为93.7%和96.7%,LC₅₀值分别为90.4451和76.3875μL/mL。根据形态学特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定菌株ZW-1和XO-2分别为日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus)和黑曲霉(A.niger)。这些生防真菌菌株的发掘,为植物线虫病害的生物防治提供了新的微生物资源。     

Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,China

The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, is one of the most economically important pathogens impacting the worldwide production of cereals and is widely distributed in more than 16 regions in China. The present study used the numbers of nematodes inside the plant roots to evaluate the resistance/susceptibility of different subpopulations of barley Hordeum vulgare (QH2R, QH6R and TB2R) to H. avenae under field and pot conditions. Nematode development in two highly resistant varieties was also evaluated by in vivo experiment and microscopic observation. Analyses of 186 selected varieties showed the numbers of susceptible varieties identified with the number of females/cysts per plant (NFP) method were significantly higher than those identified with the Pf/Pi ratio (PPR) method, which indicated that the NFP method rather than the PPR method is more reliable to evaluate the resistance of barley. The field and pot experiment results indicated that the QH2R subpopulation had lower females/cysts numbers than QH6R and TB2R subpopulations, and eight HR varieties (Sunong 7617, Sunong 7635, Dongyuan 87-14, Rudong 14-46, Rudong 87-57, Rudong 87-8-45, Rudong 88-14-2, and Rudong 88-67-1) were identified in QH2R, with the NFP numbers below 4.2. Further microscopic observation of nematode development suggested that H. avenae often penetrated less into highly resistant varieties (Sunong 7635 and Dongyuan 87-14) and more frequently failed to develop into females than the susceptible barleys. The promising resistant varieties identified in the present research might be helpful for breeders to develop CCN-resistant cultivars and control H. avenae populations effectively at low costs.     

Two spawning stocks of icefish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neosalanx taihuensis</Emphasis> revealed from annual reproductive cycle analyses

Neosalanx taihuensis were sampled from the Tian-e-zhou Oxbow from March 2006 through November 2007. Two separate spawning seasons were identified based on the annual reproductive cycles of the females, designated as the autumn-spawning season and the spring-spawning season. Lifespan of the offspring of the spring-spawning fish was 1 year, with them dying after the subsequent spring spawning. Autumn-spawned females seem to be the offspring of the spring-spawning fish, based on monthly changes in the length–frequency distributions. Spring-mature females had higher absolute fecundity, gonadosomatic index, and relative condition factor in 2007 than in 2006. Relative condition factor of the immature female offspring of spring-spawning fish was higher in 2007 than in 2006, portending a further increase in reproductive investment during the spring spawning of 2008. The increasing reproductive investment suggests that the population of N. taihuensis in the Tian-e-zhou Oxbow may be recovering from its recent decline.     

北五味子藤茎的生药学研究

本文对木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz．)Baill干燥藤茎的外观性状、显微鉴别、薄层色谱等方面进行了生药学研究,为开发利用五味子藤茎提供了科学依据。