气候变化对北京地区小麦玉米两熟种植制度的影响

研究了北京地区小麦和玉米生产与气象条件的关系，并根据未来气候变化 的研究设计了气候情景，在此基础上讨论了未来气候化对小麦玉米一年二熟种植制度的影响。结果表明，温度升高对小麦和玉米生产有利，玉米产量的提高大于小麦；降水减少首先对小麦生产不利，当降水进一步减少时，对玉米生产也不利。     

栽培因子对棉花烂铃影响的数学模型研究

试验采用二次正交旋转组合设计，对安徽沿江棉区棉花的移栽密度、施氮量、施磷钾肥量、去早蕾数及喷缩节安量与棉花烂铃的关系进行了定性定量的研究，建立了棉花烂铃率和烂铃指数对５项栽培因子反应的数学模型，并对模型进行检验和解析。结果表明，模型极显著，并与实际相吻合，５项栽培因子对棉花烂铃存在显著或极显著的影响，同时因子间存在着互作效应。此模型可作为近似气候年份棉花烂铃的预测模式。     

湘西州植烟土壤有机质特征及与土壤养分的相关性研究

为深入了解湘西植烟土壤有机质含量区域特征,对湘西州488个烤烟主产区植烟土壤样品进行化验分析研究。结果表明:湘西州植烟土壤有机质总体上属适宜水平,平均值为2.2%,变幅为0.3%~5.4%,变异系数为39.9%,41.5%样本有机质处于适宜范围内,"缺乏"和"偏低"的植烟土壤样本共占43.5%,"丰富"和"偏高"的植烟土壤样本之和为15.0%,不同植烟土壤类型的有机质含量差异达极显著水平(P=0.000),水稻土黄棕壤黄壤红壤石灰土红灰土,总的来说,从东北部、西部和西南部向州中部及东南方向有机质减少。方差分析结果表明,有随海拔高度的升高而有机质含量增高的趋势,植烟土壤有机质与海拔为显著正相关(P=0.012),土壤有机质含量与全氮、全磷、有效硼的含量呈极显著相关(P值分别为0.0000、0.0098、0.0029),与有效硫、交换性镁、交换性钙含量呈显著相关(P值分别为0.036、0.019、0.042)。     

紧凑型玉米株型及生理特性研究

紧凑型玉米各叶片长度在茎杆上的空间分布呈近似纺锤型,叶角度较平展型小,叶向值也大,其受光姿态优于平展型.紧凑型米玉对CO_2同化强度、根系吸收强度比平展型大;硝酸还原酶活性比平展型高.紧凑型玉米具有体内氮素代谢旺盛,后期不早衰,籽粒灌浆快,粒重高,单株生产力大和适宜密植等优点.选育和推广高光效紧凑型玉米杂交种是今后玉米高产的主要途径.     

Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity

The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK370363","term_id":"326489160","term_text":"AK370363"}}AK370363 and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK251484","term_id":"151420132","term_text":"AK251484"}}AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.     

The Deterioration of Eating and Cooking Quality Caused by High Temperature During Grain Filling in Early-Season indica Rice Cultivars

The effect of temperature during grain filling on eating and cooking quality of early-season indica rice was investigated by using four cultivars with different amylose content. Starting from flowering stage until maturity, the plants of all cultivars were subjected to two temperature treatments, referred as optimum (mean daily air temperature, 22 °C) and high (32 °C) temperature regimes. The results showed that the effect of high temperature on apparent amylose content and gel consistency in milled rice was cultivar-dependent. Under high temperature, amylose content increased for cv. Jiayu353 and remained little changed for cv. Guangluai4, which had intrinsically higher amylose content, and decreased for cv. Zhefu49 and cv. Jiazao935, which had lower amylose content. By contrast, high temperature reduced or kept stable gel consistency values for cultivars with higher amylose content and increased gel consistency values for those with lower amylose content. Moreover, high temperature significantly increased the gelatinization temperature of all cultivars. Pasting profiles and X-ray diffraction pattern of rice were also affected by temperature. The results suggest that high temperature during grain filling change the component and crystalline structure of starch and result in deterioration of eating and cooking quality for early-season indica rice.     

储藏对稻米淀粉结构及含量的影响

综述了储藏对稻米淀粉的含量及其结构影响。分析了稻米淀粉的结构，讨论了储藏对稻米直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量与结构的影响。在此基础上，提出加强储藏过程中稻米中支链淀粉和直链淀粉中不溶性组分的含量及其结构变化等的研究，将有利于解析储藏过程中稻米淀粉特性的变化及其对稻米品质的影响。     

稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测的研究

对稻谷储藏过程中,水分和温度的变化与真菌生长关系进行了研究,建立了一种稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测方法.将12.5％％、13.4％、14.5％、15.6％和16.2％水分稻谷样品,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃恒温箱中储藏180 d,每10 d取一次样检测真菌生长状况.结果表明:12.5％水分稻谷长期储藏是安全的;13.4％水分稻谷短期储存是安全的,长期储藏仍存在潜在风险;14.5％水分稻谷在15℃以下储存半年是安全的;15.6％和16.2％稻谷在实验的6个温度下储存20 d内均检出有真菌生长.不同温度下稻谷储藏真菌生长顺序为:35℃＞30℃＞25℃＞20℃＞15℃＞10℃.基于上述真菌生长规律的研究,对稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌起始生长时间进行幂函数分析,得出稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌危害早期预测曲线,通过本曲线可进行高水分稻谷储存安全期预测.     

细粒棘球蚴TSP1和TSP6基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了研究绵羊细粒棘球蚴重要抗原基因Tetraspanin 1-TSP1(TSP1)和Tetraspanin 1-TSP6(TSP6)的功能,对Gen Bank中Eg基因组数据库检索,获得TSP1和TSP6的c DNA序列并设计特异性引物。以Eg头节为总RNA模板,进行RT-PCR,将PCR产物克隆到p MD19-T载体后测序并进行生物信息学分析。TSP1 c DNA全长792个核苷酸,编码263个氨基酸,该多肽含有3个潜在的N端糖基化位点,2个N端酰基化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP1基因序列(EG_11043)同源性为98.99%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为98.48%;TSP6 c DNA全长666个核苷酸,编码221个氨基酸,该多肽含有5个N端酰基化位点,1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP6基因序列(EG_00715)同源性为98.18%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为85.07%。运用分子生物学软件对Eg TSP1和TSP6基因进行生物信息学分析,预测已知序列的蛋白质抗原的结构和表位,为疫苗的研发奠定了前期基础。     

嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱的研究进展

嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱同属于啮目、书虱科、书虱属,亲缘关系极近,在全世界广泛分布,常混合发生在储藏物中,大量发生时可造成严重的经济危害,在我国,已经上升为“双低(低氧、低药剂)”和“三低(低氧、低药剂、低温)”气调储粮中的害虫优势种群。本文对两书虱的危害性、生物学、生态学特性、生理生化及遗传稳定性、防治及对药剂和气调的抗性等方面的研究概况进行了综述,以期引起人们对该两种微小但危害日益严重的储粮害虫的充分重视。