蒙古羊羊水源干细胞分离培养及其成骨分化研究

试验旨在建立羊水源干细胞系并对其诱导形成成骨细胞的潜能进行研究。在胎牛血清浓度为15%的条件下对羊水源干细胞进行建系,并检测其类胚体形成能力;检测不同代数细胞的干细胞标志基因Oct-4、SH2、SSEA-1、Nanog、HLA-ABC、CD117的表达情况;利用地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、抗坏血酸等因子进行诱导。结果表明,羊水源干细胞在体外可以持续增殖,悬浮培养形成的类胚体表达三胚层相关标记基因,经诱导可形成成骨细胞。试验成功分离了蒙古羊的羊水源干细胞并建系,且其具有向成骨细胞分化的潜能。     

Feeding value of pastures for ruminants

Perennial ryegrass is the primary forage component of ruminant diets in New Zealand. It is persistent and palatable, and immature ryegrass has a high nutritive value (NV). However, seed-head development substantially lowers its feeding value (FV) as fibre concentration increases, the rate and extent of digestibility decreases, and voluntary intake declines. Ryegrass pastures are susceptible to accumulation of endophytic and saprophytic fungi in dead material at the base of the sward, especially when mature and laxly grazed. Feeding forage legumes to ruminants grazing grass-dominant pastures will improve animal performance and lessen the reliance on a single species to meet all nutritional requirements.

The FV of forage is a function of intake and NV, measured by chemical analyses and animal feeding trials. Performance of individual animals grazing forages is usually limited by energy intake because structural fibre can slow digestion and clearance from the rumen and because of competition between individuals for available feed. The use of metabolisable energy (ME) content of forage to signify FV can give a reasonable indication of animal performance, but it should be used in conjunction with chemical analyses to improve the accuracy of predictions.

The relationship between FV, pasture production, animal performance and profitability is complex. The importance of skilled management to maintain pasture quality and optimise animal performance under inconsistent climatic conditions should not be underestimated. Acceptable animal performance with minimal veterinary intervention requires good nutrition, but the genetic potential of livestock in New Zealand cannot be met solely by grazing pasture, especially when a high utilisation of pasture is required to maintain quality and profitability.

Producers are responding to industry demands to reduce the seasonality in supply of milk and meat by changing lambing and calving dates, and extending lactation length in dairy cows. Social changes include adoption of once-daily milking in the dairy industry. Some changes have necessitated increased use of supplements and others can be met by feeding forages with a higher FV than ryegrass, all of which require an improved knowledge of feed quality. This information is available through rapid and inexpensive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis, enabling animal nutritional needs to be balanced by appropriate nutrient supply. It is essential that producers continue to improve animal welfare, limit excessive use of fertilisers and meet the demands of overseas consumers. Good nutrition, with an increased use of legumes and other forages to complement ryegrass pastures, will enable these objectives to be achieved.     

兰州大尾羊心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP） 基因克隆及其同源性比较

【目的】克隆兰州大尾羊心脏型肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）基因全长cDNA序列,为研究绵羊H-FABP生物学作用和生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】根据已知哺乳动物H-FABP基因 cDNA 序列,设计5''和3''特异引物,运用cDNA 末端快速扩增（RACE）技术获得兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因全长 cDNA 序列。【结果】 扩增获得兰州大尾羊5''端425 bp、3''端231 bp片段和 177 bp中间片段,拼接获得748 bp兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因全长cDNA 序列（GenBank登录号：JQ780322）。 兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因ORF长 402 bp,编码 133 个氨基酸。核苷酸序列分析显示兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因序列与大多数哺乳动物相似,但其第66位发生的碱基转换（T←→G）引起所编码的第22位天门冬氨酸（N）不同于其它所有物种的赖氨酸（K）。构建的基因进化树分析结果显示兰州大尾羊与山羊亲缘关系最近。预测兰州大尾羊H-FABP蛋白质的空间结构与山羊和牛H-FABP类似,由2个α螺旋和10个反向平行的β折叠组成,10 个折叠片围成一个桶状结构,疏水性残基位于桶内,用于结合脂肪酸。【结论】克隆了兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

肉牛冬季舍饲日粮配方优化筛选试验

选择不同日粮类型肉牛养殖户14户,参试生长母牛48头,参照肉牛营养需要和饲养标准,设计不同饲粮组合类型及日粮配方.随机分为5个试验组和1个对照组,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组按规范化全株玉米青贮十氨化麦草等多元化日粮进行科学饲养,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)按传统的"有啥喂啥"方法饲喂,同期进行饲养试验研究.结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组平均头日增重效果均比Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)有明显提高(P＜0.05,P≤0.01),显示了肉牛标准化科学饲养的优势效益.试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲粮组成类型及日粮配方为较理想的肉牛繁殖母牛日粮优化配方.     

我国节水灌溉技术及其模式和发展趋势

综述了我国水资源的现状及节水灌溉技术与模式的研究和应用,并展望了我国节水灌溉技术的发展趋势。     

上海乡土树种及其在城市绿化建设中的应用

随着生态城市被列为上海市的建设发展目标,城市绿化建设被赋予了新的目标和内涵,生态林将逐渐成为城市绿化的主体,作为生态林建设基础的乡土树种也将得到更为广泛的应用.通过实地调查和资料调查,统计分析了上海市的乡土树种,共42科89属128种(含变种),可以分为常绿阔叶乔木、常绿阔叶灌木、半常绿阔叶灌木、落叶阔叶乔木、落叶阔叶小乔木和落叶阔叶灌木等6个类型.分析了乡土树种在上海绿化建设中的意义和应用现状,并对其应用进行了展望.表1参21     

土豆淀粉废水发酵普鲁兰多糖的研究

普鲁兰多糖是一种具有重要应用价值的微生物胞外多糖。淀粉废水是加工淀粉过程中不可避免的一种产物,成份复杂,营养丰富。利用淀粉废水作为碳源制得普鲁兰多糖,不仅使多糖的生产成本降低,变废为宝,还会减少环境污染。本文通过比较实验获得用土豆淀粉废水(potato starch waste)制多糖产率高于其它碳源,并且确定最佳发酵培养基为(%):土豆淀粉废水10,KH2PO40.6 NaCL0.2(NH4)2SO40.08。     

天津市农业节水灌溉现状及发展方向

根据天津市农业节水灌溉的现状,分析了目前存在的农业节水工程建设速度缓慢、建设标准不高,管理体制和用水机制不健全,先进的节水技术和管理机制发展不平衡、不普及、不深入等主要问题,并根据山丘区、井灌区、混灌区和旱作区等不同节水类型区域,提出各类型区域发展节水灌溉的重点。     

Approaches to pathogen-mediated resistance breeding against plum pox potyvirus in stone-fruit trees1

In a programme for developing systems which allow the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars, we have tested cotyledons of immature embryos, somatic embryos and leaf discs. Apricot plants have been transformed, and then regenerated, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids: pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS), and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat-protein gene of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for visual evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat-protein gene was used in the hope of introducing coat protein-mediated resistance to one of the most important stone-fruit pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean area.