Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

Genome‐Wide Identification of MicroRNAs Responsive to High Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa) by High‐Throughput Deep Sequencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Heat stress is a severe abiotic stresses by adversely affecting plant growth and yield. To identify heat‐responsive miRNAs at the genome‐wide level in rice (Oryza sativa), we constructed two small RNA libraries from young panicles treated or not with heat conditions. Ion torrent sequencing of the two libraries identified 294 known miRNAs and 539 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were downregulated and 21 miRNAs were upregulated in response to heat stress. Among them, five heat‐responsive miRNAs, including miR162b, miR529a‐p5, PC‐5P‐62245‐9, miR171b and miR169n, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 44 target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. These target genes are most significantly overrepresented in the cell growth process. The results demonstrated that rice miRNAs play critical roles in the heat stress response. This study opens up a new avenue for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs involvement in the heat stress response in rice.     

饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响，为确定北京油鸡适宜饲粮代谢能水平提供依据。本试验严格按照完全随机区组试验设计进行。选取13周龄北京油鸡600只，公母各占1/2，根据体重一致原则随机分为6组，其中3个组均为公鸡，另外3个组均为母鸡，每组5个重复，每个重复20只。3个组分别为低代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.20 MJ/kg）、中代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.64 MJ/kg）、高代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg）。预试期1周，正试期4周（14～17周龄）。结果显示：1）高代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的平均日增重显著高于其他2组（P <0.05），且高代谢能组母鸡的料重比显著低于其他2组（P <0.05），饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg时公鸡和母鸡有较好的生长性能。2）公鸡方面，低代谢能组的腿肌率显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）；母鸡方面，低代谢能组的全净膛率显著高于高代谢能组（P<0.05），翅膀率显著低于高代谢能组（P <0.05）。低代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的皮脂...     

中喙丽金龟成虫对不同植物种类的危害程度

调查了近年来在上海局部区域严重发生的农林害虫——中喙丽金龟成虫对不同植物种类的危害程度。共计调查243个植物种类,其中109种植物受害,占调查植物种类数量的44.86%。109种受害植物隶属于39个科,以蔷薇科、豆科植物种类最多。     

银杏-杜仲叶发酵物对脂多糖应激肉仔鸡的肠道功能和免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏-杜仲叶发酵物（FGEL）对脂多糖（LPS）应激肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道结构、消化吸收功能和免疫反应的影响，并与未发酵银杏-杜仲叶（GEL）进行比较。采用2×3双因子试验设计，即2种免疫应激处理（腹腔注射LPS或注射等量生理盐水）和3种饲粮处理（基础饲粮及在基础饲粮中添加0.40%GEL或0.40%FGEL的试验饲粮）。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡360只，随机分为6个处理，每个处理均设6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期为21 d。在试验第13、15、17、19和21天，3个应激处理的试鸡腹腔注射500μg/kg BW的LPS，其他3个处理注射等量的生理盐水。在试验第21天最后1次注射后2～4 h进行屠宰取样。结果表明：1）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL的肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）有显著改善（P=0.024），饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）(P=0.023)和血清D-木糖的含量（P=0.011）的降低。2）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡十二指肠（P=0.011）和空肠（P=0.030）的相对重量...     

峨眉山野生茶树资源农艺性状多样性分析

为挖掘峨眉山野生茶树和群体种中的优良资源,利用因子分析、聚类分析和感官审评等方法,对峨眉山40份野生茶树种质资源农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析和资源评价。结果表明,峨眉山茶树种质资源丰富,且多以灌木型为主;18个芽叶形态性状的变异系数为7.70%~60.99%,变异系数最大的性状是芽叶色泽(60.99%)。因子分析表明,18个芽叶形态性状综合为6个公因子,前6个公因子的特征值大于1且累计贡献率达80.74%,主要代表性指标为叶片大小、叶片锯齿和叶面特征等。聚类分析将研究材料分为5个大的类群,显示了复杂的亲缘关系和丰富的遗传多样性。适制性研究表明,初步筛选的11份种质资源制绿茶适制性较好,感官审评总分在92分以上,大体表现为香气鲜香带花香、清香高长带花香或栗香浓郁带花香,滋味鲜爽、鲜甜或鲜浓醇。     

省工棉新品种选育简报

介绍了省工棉的背景、特点、栽培技术及所选育的省工棉品种的特征特性,井提出了省工棉的发展方向。     

茶和天下语境下历史典故的重温与传播——以“以茶代酒”为例

中华茶文化历史源远流长,文化内容博大精深,是中国文化乃至世界文化重要的组成部分。然而,历史茶文化尤其是历史典故,大多需要重新解读,只有将历史与现实结合起来,有针对性且有说服力地赋予新的时代内涵,才能扩大其在世界范围的价值认同。基于此,本文以“以茶代酒”为例,将其置于茶和天下的语境下,在重温这一历史典故的基础上,从增加中华茶文化魅力,促进历史茶文化的传播的角度出发,分析探讨了以茶代酒的当代价值或中华茶文化核心价值的当代体现,并根据全球化与茶文化传播的需要,从增强自信性、构建“同型性”、抢占先机性、设计备选性等方面,提出了如何通过以茶代酒,推动中华茶文化核心价值实现的相关策略。     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.