H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫后鸡血凝抑制抗体动态变化观察

选择国家指定的两个厂家生产的禽流感灭活疫苗(H5亚型,N28株)进行无母源抗体来航鸡的免疫试验.通过鸡免疫后血凝抑制(HI)抗体的动态性检测,对两个疫苗的免疫效果进行了观察.研究结果表明,两个疫苗均具有良好的免疫效果,但也存在一定程度的差异;加强免疫可以明显提高抗体水平,延长免疫保护时间.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets

The study was to determine effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan (COS) and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharids (GMOS) on some serum biochemical indices, serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels, and hepatic and long gissimus muscle IGF-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets. Twenty six Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets at the age of 15 days were used. The piglets had access to creep feed during the suckling. Six piglets were sacrificed for sampling at the beginning of the study. The other 20 piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four corn and soybean meal-based diets including the control group, the antibiotic group with 110 mg lincomycin/kg diet, the COS group containing 0.025% COS, and the GMOS group with 0.20% GMOS, respectively, in a 2-week feeding experiment. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was reduced whereas serum total protein concentration was increased (P < 0.05) in responses to the COS and GMOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation of COS and GMOS also increased (P < 0.05) the serum GH and IGF-I levels along with enhanced hepatic and the muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance. Dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides such as COS and GMOS may improve growth and feed conversion efficiency by increasing plasma GH and IGF-I levels, in the early-weaned piglets.     

2019年江苏省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为进一步提高兽医系统实验室检测能力,江苏省动物疫病预防控制中心组织实施了2019年度全省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对,共有12个市级、65个县级实验室参加,样品正确率分别为100%、99.17%,实验室正确率分别为100%、92.31%。结果表明:参加比对的实验室均具备正常开展主要动物疫病监测和检测的能力与条件,但有个别县级实验室的个别比对项目检测值出现较大偏差。这提示应进一步重视实验室检测能力比对工作,加强实验室管理体系建设,全面提升兽医系统实验室管理和运行水平。     

Tilmicosin enteric granules and premix to pigs: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and comparative pharmacokinetics

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC₉₀ of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T_max), elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (V_F) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC_0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.     

Pathogenicity in quails and mice of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks

In our study, the pathogenicity of H5N1 influenza A viruses circulating in waterfowls in Southern China was investigated. Three H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses isolated from ducks, A/Duck/Guangdong/383/2008(DK383), A/Duck/Guangdong/378/2008(DK378) and A/Duck/Guangdong/212/2004(DK212) were inoculated at 10(6) fifty-percent egg infectious doses (EID(50)) into ducks, quails and mice and showed varying levels of pathogenicity. In ducks, the mortality rates ranged from 0 to 60% and the mean death time (MDT) was 0-6.7 days post-inoculation (DPI). While the viruses were highly pathogenic in quails, resulting in 83.3-100% mortality and the MDT of 2.3-3 DPI, they were completely lethal in mice (100% mortality). The viruses replicated in many organs of ducks and quails and were found in the brain, and kidney, lung and spleen of the mice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DK383 and DK378 viruses of clade 2.3.2 belonged to genotype 11, while DK212 virus of clade 9 was genotype 3. Our study illustrated H5N1 influenza viruses within Clade 2.3.2 and 9 from duck in Southern China had very highly pathogenicity to Japanese quails and BALB/c mice, but viruses within Clade 2.3.2 had more highly lethality than those of clade 9 to Muscovy ducks. Therefore, they had posed a continued challenge for disease control and public health.     

日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶对仔猪血液生化指标和生长性能的影响

探索阿拉伯木聚糖酶对日粮中非淀粉多糖的作用效果。试验选取16头平均体重(7.74±1.03)kg的28日龄长×大断奶仔猪,分为基础日粮(对照日粮组)和基础日粮+1.0 g/kg阿拉伯木聚糖酶(试验日粮组),分别在试验第12 d、第24 d测定各组内脏器官重量、血液生化指标。试验结果表明,在试验第24 d试验日粮组日增重明显高于对照日粮组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同的试验时期,试验日粮组对内脏器官绝对重量的影响较大,对相对重量的影响较小,对脾脏的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);在不同试验时间,两组的血清IgGI、gM、肌酐、血糖、血氨、甘油三酯、总蛋白的含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),第24 d试验日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量均高于其他各组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),对照日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量高于第12 d,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),试验日粮组血清尿素氮含量明显低于对照组,且在试验第12 d、第24 d时两组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶能提高断奶仔猪日增重,从而影响仔猪生长性能和相关血液生化指标。     

越南禽流感暴发原因的调查分析

自2004年下半年以来，越南暴发的禽流感严重打击了国内的养禽业有相关企业。越南与我国广东省毗邻，与海南隔海相望，其气候特点与我国广东，广西，云南，海南等省区相似。虽说其畜牧业的发展水平与我国整体有一定差距，但与我国畜牧业相对落后地区相近，作者从越南的地理位置，气候特点，养殖规模与品种，饲养水平与防疫，饲料应用，产品流通，从业者的防疫意识，政府对畜牧业的监管及疫病发生处理措施几个方面，对此次禽流感疫情进行了全面系统分析，对我国禽流感的防制工作很有借鉴意义的。     

西藏昌都地区实施草场承包经营责任制的现状和对策

介绍了西藏昌都地区生态环境的基本状况和该地区草场承包经营责任制的发展过程,进一步认识到落实和完善草场承包经营责任制对该地区的重大意义,及其对昌都地区畜牧业发展的重要作用。科学分析了该地区发展草场承包经营责任制的必要性,以及实施草场承包经营责任制进程中存在的问题和所面临的困难,并提出了有利于进一步促进和完善该地区实施草场承包经营责任制的参考性建议。     

Determination of Feeder Cell‐Based Cellular Niches Supporting the Colonization and Maintenance of Spermatogonial Stem Cells from Prepubertal Domestic Cat Testes

Recently, isolation and in vitro culture of putative spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the domestic cat have been conducted. However, the cellular niche conditions that facilitate the establishment and long‐term maintenance of feline SSCs (FSSCs) have not been described. Therefore, we investigated the type of feeder cells used to stimulate colony formation and growth of FSSCs among the various factors in the FSSC niche. Spermatogonial stem cells isolated from feline testes were cultured on mitotically inactivated testicular stromal cells (TSCs) derived from cats, dogs and mice, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The formation and growth of colonies derived from SSCs cultured on each type of feeder cell were identified at passage 0, and the morphology, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expression of SSC‐specific genes in surviving colonies were investigated at passage 4. Among these diverse feeder cells, TSCs from cat showed the greatest colony formation, growth and maintenance of FSSCs, and SSC colonies cultured by passage 4 showed a typical dome‐shaped morphology, AP activity and expression of SSC‐specific genes (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and CD9). Accordingly, these results demonstrate that feline TSCs could be used as feeder cells to support the establishment and maintenance of SSCs from domestic cats.     

低聚果糖对小鼠肠道菌群影响与机体免疫调节关系的研究

为了研究低聚果糖对小鼠肠道菌群影响与机体免疫调节的关系,分别选取18～22 g BALB/C健康清洁级雄性小鼠与清洁级昆明种雌性小鼠进行肠道菌群和免疫指标的检测.受试对象分别以0g/(kg·Bw)、0.69g/(kg·BW)、1.38g/(kg·BW)和4.15 g/k(kg·BW)灌胃低聚果糖,于给药后20 d测定粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气英膜梭菌的菌数,33 d后测定细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能、NK细胞活性等指标.试验结果表明,1.38 g/(kg·BW)低聚果糖能够促进乳杆菌的增加并抑制肠杆菌的增幅,4.15 g/(kg·BW)的低聚果糖能够促进乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的增加并抑制肠杆菌和肠球菌的增幅;低聚果糖可以提高小鼠的免疫力,两者之间具有关联作用.